Attention Deficit Disorder :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Attention Deficit DisorderAttention Deficit Disorder is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects thousands of people in the linked States. Over the past decade, media focuses have been primarily on children with the disorder and the effects of the traditionall(a)y used medication, Ritalin. It is important to note that A.D.D. does not target only children, and it also greatly affects adults because it is not a condition than can be outgrown or cured. Furthermore, it has become critical, since more doctors have become specialists on this disorder, thus presenting the many ways in which it affects the life of a human being. The identification of Attention Deficit Disorder dates to the early 1900s when it was called minimal brain dysfunction researchers found that children with cephalitis and soldiers who had received some brain damage (after World War I), demonstrated hyperactivity, impulsivity, and conduct disorders. (1) Consequently, researchers made the assumption that since brain i njury could cause hyperactivity then all hyperactivity would be caused by brain damage. After many years of new observations, this statement has been shown to be untrue however, there are still many misconceptions and rumors virtually the causes of A.D.D., which limit the general understanding of the disorder.The topic of A.D.D. is of great interest to me since two of my siblings have been diagnosed with the disorder. This first assignment has given me the opportunity to explore the causes and the many faces of A.D.D. I found myself to be one of many people who believed many rumors and misconceptions to be true about A.D.D. as well as learning about the newest or so commonly accepted observations and conclusions about the causes of this disorder. For example, A.D.D. does not occur in one form only in fact, there are two major types of A.D.D. heedless In general, people with this type have trouble keeping focus and attention and are not consistent with hyperactivity. Often failure in compensable close attention to details/making mistakes in assignments Difficulty in retaining attention in tasks Seems not to listen/forgets daily activities Failure to follow book of instructions or finishing assignments Constantly loosing belongingsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In general, people with this type are in constant overactivity and are extremely impulsive, which leads to the inability to remain focused and attentive. Fidgety and squirmy/ not being able to stay seated Feeling restless Often on the go or acts if driven by a motor Often talking excessively

The Causes of Crime Essay -- Crime Violence Criminology Essays

The causes of crime seem to be indefinite and ever changing. In the 19th century, slum poverty was blamed in the 20th century, a childhood without love was blamed (Adams 152). In the era going into the new millennium, to the highest degree experts and theorists have given up all apply in trying to pinpoint one single aspect that causes crime. M whatever experts believe close to people are natural natural criminals who are born with criminal mindsets, and this is unchangeable. However, criminals are not a product of heredity. They are a product of their environment and how they react to it. This may seem like a bogus assumption, but is undoubtedly true. There is a study devoted to finding the causes of crime and what makes people criminals. This study is appropriately called criminology. There are two principal(prenominal) theories which criminologists categorize causes of crime, and sometimes an individual would be subject to both their influences. Theories in the first group l ocate the causes of crime inside the individual, which focus on filter out and other psychological factors. Conversely, theories categorized in the second group focus the causes of crime on factors that are out of the control of the certain individual. These influences are sociological. whatsoever psychologists theorize that criminals are born with a predisposition towards mental illness. Even though this is a widely accepted idea, for a mental illness to arrange out, it has to be catalyzed by the persons environment. In other words, even if a person were born with the biological makings of a criminal, depending on how he was raised and how he lived life-time would determine if this inherent attribute would manifest. There needs to be an external cause to trigger the characteristic. Many criminologists are stuck on developing biological explanations to the equal of criminals. These theories are often called bad seed theories. They hold that criminals are born and not developed. The most recently discovered bad seed theory is that some men are born with an extra Y chromesone that makes them more aggressive (Adams 157). The problem with this theory is if one of these men with the extra chromosome was raised in a way that would inhibit the individuals trait, you would never see the characteristics of this extra chromosome and it would just devalue this theory. Another problem with this theory is that there are criminals who just happen to ... ...ves them the sureness they need to continue their criminal behavior without fear of getting caught. And there are enough people in a city that no theme how you act you could find people just like you. If you have a tendency to get in trouble a lot, you could easily find mortal to encourage your actions.A social status, whether you like it or not, can drag you into or out of a life of crime. A dead-broke bum with no foretoken is forced to steal food in order to stay alive, and steal clothing in order to stay warm. Of course, you could suffer and not break any laws, but the immediate need would usually outweigh the consequences. You may not be literally forced into a life of crime, but it just office be the best choice you have. Being in such need makes stealing seem much more attractive than it would if you had no need to steal. As stated in the preceding paragraphs, criminals are influenced and not born. You can easily infer this on your own, but with the help of this report it seems much more obvious. The most obvious and consistent influence in the development of a person seems to be the environment in which they live in and the influence, or lack thereof, of their parents.

Haydn Middletons The Lie of the Land :: Literature Christianity Religion Essays

Making a Movie on Haydn Middletons The Lie of the Land To make a plastic film from any source takes a lot of peck in the process. Its not just one or two people sitting down saying lets make a movie. There are things to be considered, things to be done and people to contact. In this essay, I plan to make a movie of Haydn Middletons novel The Lie of the Land, just to give a glimpse of the complications involved with making a movie.The first step in any movie would have to be a script. No script, no movie. Its just that simple. A small group (or one individual) would have to sit down and write a script from this novel. Of course he (they) would have to decide what to focus on from the book, or what they (he) wants to dramatize, and if there is something that they (he) can put in the script himself that wasnt really there to begin with. For example, if the screenwriter(s) wanted to make this a romance story betwixt the characters David and Quinn, then they would emphasize that dramat ically. They might add some sexuality into said relationship, and even go so far as to have Quinn come jeopardize to David at the end of the movie. The key words that you would see on the screen would be adapted from, meaning that the movie was based on this novel, but the screenwriter(s) wrote the movie from their interpretation. Of course, some things have to be in the script, such as Davids story, but how focused it is depends, like I stated, on the screenwriter(s).Now that we have a script, and well amputate out the process of submitting it to movie studios, the next step would be pre-production. For this purpose, well use a fictional studio and call it L 0 L studios. This studio, afterwards accepting the script, would hire a producer. Lets use a name here, like Richard Donner. His job is to hire a director, audition a cast, find a repair to film, or decide if it can be done on a sound stage (possibly both), and try to keep it all under budget. Our director would be James Ca meron, because with his success recently, his name alone would bring people to see this movie, which is the whole goal of the project. Casting is difficult, because certain factors have to be looked at, such as looks, (do they look the part?

War and Propaganda: A Look at How the Two Have Been Inseparable Though Time :: Essays Papers

War and Propaganda A Look at How the Two Have Been Inseparable Though clippingThere have been many wars that the Unites States has been a part of. Some were fought on American soil, others fought abroad. But through it all, there has always been a need for the state-supporteds support. And what better way to get that support than by stickting information out there for the public. Now of course this is biased information that it put forth in front of the general public just bountiful to get people caring and thinking about the war, but not enough to keep them fully educated on the subject. Once people start knowing too much and researching, it becomes something that they either feel has too much support, or they take stands that the government does not want. The different media that is out there is geared towards the general public knowing the accuracy. But I pose the question that what is the truth? especially back in the old days? Who, but those who put the information out, knew what was really going on when it came to wars and the enemies? This is why I thought it baron be interesting to look at the way the citizens were swayed towards believing certain things during the war. Why was there such a scare about the Japanese cosmos in the United States during WWII? The propaganda that was out at the time was highly against the Japanese, even the Japanese Americans, calling them the enemy. While it is sad to know that these sentiments are true, it is important to memorialize the past and to learn from it. History of PropagandaPropaganda has been a human activity as far back as reliable recorded evidence exists. The writings of Romans equivalent Livy are considered masterpieces of pro-Roman statist propaganda. The term itself originates with the Roman Catholic Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, the department of the pontifical administration charged with the spread of Catholicism and with the regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in non-Catholic countries (mission territory). The actual Latin stem propagand- conveys a sense of that which ought to be spread. Propaganda techniques were first codified and applied in a scientific manner by journalist Walter Lippman and psychologist Edward Bernays (nephew of Sigmund Freud) early in the 20th century. During World War I, Lippman and Bernays were hired by the United States president Woodrow Wilson to sway popular suasion to enter the war on the side of Britain.

Malcolm X Essay -- Civil Rights African American Essays

Malcolm XMalcolm X was a man of strong words and beliefs. Some say that he was a man of hate and force out. Some in any case say that he was a smart man of hope and peace. Malcolm Xs influence on people was felt more than it was alive rather than dead. Malcolm X was a major contributor to the black societies across the world. He fought for what he believed in and improve the young. Though his early life-time was full of ups and downs he managed to, what some would say, turn his life around. In doing this he managed to gain the amphetamine hand of the African American culture by giving them the hope that one day they would if not own be apart of, what he called, etiolate mans society. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolms father was murdered by a white supremacists group while in Lancing, Michigan. His begin was declared legally insane and committed to the state mental hospital. Because of that Malcolm X had no parental guidance in his young adult life. Malcolm X also dropped out of school also after the murder of his father, and from then on Malcolm turned to the streets for guidance. On the street he was he known as a hustler. He earned money by stealing and selling it back to the community or by conning others in buying bad products from him. On the streets, he was also known as Detroit Red. When Malcolm was Twenty, Malcolm X was sentenced to eight to ten years in prison. He was sentenced to prison because of breaking and entering, carrying firearms, and Larceny.In Prison he was given over the nick name Satan because of his foul mouth. While in prison Malcolm taught his self to read. So while incarcerated he studied the N.O.I which stands for the nation of Islam. He first base learned about the Nation of Islam from letters, from his brother Reginald, in Jail he became an ordinary reader to the other prisoners about the Nation of Islam. During his dispose time he received contact with the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad. As their verbal contact continued, they began to write each other daily.Malcolm was released from jail in 1952. When he left jail he went to Chicago to meet Elijah Muhammad. There in Chicago he changed his name from Malcolm Little to Malcolm X. Malcolm said that the X meant to tell the non-appreciation of his slave name. as well as it was to symbolize the missing of an appropriate Muslim n... ...iving, people still hold on to the words that he spoke when he believed that minoritys deserve something better than equality. He began to see and realize that whites are not devils and in order for the world to grow and for blacks to prosper everyone must come together. Malcolms life and murder enraged a whole community to stand up and fight. He gave people faith, hope, and courage that one day things would get better. Yes he taught violence and he was willing to do anything for his people, to see them live a great life. But it was just for that reason so that people could see that everyone had a just to live a life that in that time the white man lived. He was seen as a racist, but all people had a paradox with a person from a different color so he was just as racist as the next man. He finally realize that being together was the only way to get through and prosper, but in the days of him speaking this truth, he was murdered. He was never given the detect to become something like Dr. Martin L. King and preach about being as one, because of the fear that people had of him. He was changing once again like he did many times in his life, only this time his time ran short.

Malcolm X Essay -- Civil Rights African American Essays

Malcolm XMalcolm X was a man of strong words and beliefs. Some say that he was a man of dislike and violence. Some to a fault say that he was a smart man of hope and peace. Malcolm Xs influence on people was felt more(prenominal) than it was alive rather than dead. Malcolm X was a major contributor to the black societies across the world. He fought for what he believed in and educated the young. Though his early feeling was full of ups and downs he managed to, what some would say, turn his breeding around. In doing this he managed to gain the upper hand of the African American culture by giving them the hope that one day they would if not own be apart of, what he called, white mans society. Malcolm X was natural Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolms father was murdered by a white supremacists group while in Lancing, Michigan. His mother was declared legally kookie and committed to the state mental hospital. Because of that Malcolm X had no parental guidance in his young a dult life. Malcolm X also dropped out of school also after the murder of his father, and from then on Malcolm turned to the streets for guidance. On the street he was he known as a hustler. He earned specie by stealing and selling it back to the community or by conning others in buying bad products from him. On the streets, he was also known as Detroit Red. When Malcolm was Twenty, Malcolm X was sentenced to eight to ten years in prison. He was sentenced to prison because of breaking and entering, carrying firearms, and Larceny.In Prison he was given the nick name daystar because of his foul mouth. While in prison Malcolm taught his self to read. So while incarcerated he studied the N.O.I which stands for the nation of Islam. He first learned about the state of Islam from letters, from his brother Reginald, in Jail he became an ordinary reader to the other prisoners about the Nation of Islam. During his jail time he received contact with the attracter of the Nation of Islam, Eli jah Muhammad. As their verbal contact continued, they began to write each other daily.Malcolm was released from jail in 1952. When he left jail he went to Chicago to concern Elijah Muhammad. There in Chicago he changed his name from Malcolm Little to Malcolm X. Malcolm said that the X meant to tell the non-appreciation of his slave name. Also it was to symbolize the missing of an admit Muslim n... ...iving, people still hold on to the words that he spoke when he believed that minoritys deserved something better than equality. He began to contain and realize that whites are not devils and in order for the world to grow and for blacks to prosper everyone must come together. Malcolms life and murder enraged a whole community to stand up and fight. He gave people faith, hope, and courage that one day things would get better. Yes he taught violence and he was willing to do anything for his people, to see them live a great life. But it was just for that reason so that people could see that everyone had a right to live a life that in that time the white man lived. He was seen as a racist, but all people had a problem with a person from a different color so he was just as racist as the next man. He finally realized that being together was the only(prenominal) way to get through and prosper, but in the days of him speaking this truth, he was murdered. He was never given the chance to become something like Dr. Martin L. index and preach about being as one, because of the fear that people had of him. He was changing once again like he did many times in his life, only this time his time ran short.

Medical Unknown

** Introduction A medical microbiology lab performs probeing on human samples collected from different body sites. The campaigns are employ to light upon and identify any microorganisms capable of causing disease. Knowing of unusual microorganism is important on how this microorganism works and how it is structured, means knowing how it can refer humans. The purpose of this study was to identify an unknown bacterium by applying all methods that were previously conducted and learned in the medical microbiology laboratory class. **Materials 1) crinkle agar musical scale . 2) Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) plate. ) DNase agar plate . 4) Novobiocin disc . 5) Inoculating loop. 6) flame ( Bunsen burner) . 7) 1N hydrochloric acid (HCl) . 8) Two slides . 9) Plasma tube. 10) 3% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) . 11) One unknown plate . 12) Crystal violet. 13) Grams iodine . 14) Safranin. 15) Alcohol . ** Methods An unknown labeled with number 8 was given out by the lab instructor. The goal at t his point was to check up on unknown gram commanding vacteria. The procedures performed consisted of sterile technique in addition to being followed as give tongue to in the referenced course laboratory manual by Matar (1) , unless otherwise noted.Not all of the tests were performed on every culture. However, there are as some of the tests were used only for gram (+) others were even more specific and used only for coccus bacteria . The first procedure have been through with(p) was to observe and indicate the morphology of the unknown sample. However, Gram stain should be done to be sure that unknown sample were gram positive(p) and to identify cells morphology. After that biochemical tests were chosen for unknown identification . first of all was done the catalase test to differentiate between the two types of cocci bacteria ( Staphylococcus and Streptococcus ) .Since unknown 8 was determined to be Staphylococcus coagulase test in addition to the following tests were perform ed on this unknown 1) Production of DNase on DNase agar. 2) Blood agar with novobiocin (NB) test . 3) Mannitol fermentation on Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) . **Results Colonies morphology on plate was given were as follows circular, raised, smooth, opaque, white-yellow pigmens. After knowing that it was Gram positive cocci , a catalase test and coagulase test was done , in addition to different plates brooding ( Blood agar , DNase and MSA plates ) .The following table lists all of the tests were done Test Purpose Reagents Observations Results Gram stain To determine The gram rxn ofBacterium. Crystal violet,Iodine, Alcohol&Safranin. Purple cocci Gram positive Cocci . Catalase test To determine ifBact. Posses catalase enzyme. 3% H2O2 Oxygen bubblesWere observed. Positive catalaseTest. Coagulase test To detect thePresence of Clumping factor. Plasma. No clot was Formed. Negative coagul-ase test . DNase plate Test To determine ifBact. producesDNase enzyme. 1N HCl . Cloudy ord er (notClear one ). Negative . Hemolysis test(blood agar). To determine ifBacteria do Hemolysis. none . No visible Changes wereAround colonies. Gamma hemolysis Mannitol Fermentation. To determineThe ability of Bacterium to ferment mannitol. None . Color changeFrom pink to Yellow . Positive mannitolFerm forecast. Novobiocin Test To detect Sensitivity or Resistance of Bact to NB Antibiotic. NB antibiotic . No zone ofInhibition aroundDisc. broad bact. Flowchart Unknown 8 Gram stain Gram positive cocci Catalse test(positive)Positive Negative Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumonia Staphylococcus epidermidis. Viridans Streptococci Staphylococcus saprophyticus S. pyogens S. agalactiae Coagulase and Dnase test (Negative) Enterococcus sp. Positive Negative Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus saprophyticus Novobiocin test(Resistance)Sensitive Resistance Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus saprophyticus MSA plate (Positive) Negative Positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus aureus. Blood agar plate(hemolytic test) (no hemolysis) Staphylococcus saprophyticus Unknown 8- S. saprophyticus **Discussion /Conclusion It was concluded that Unknown 8 was S. saprophyticus . After applying Gram stain the gram positive bacteria was cocci in shape when viewed with a light microscope so a catalase test was performed.The bacteria was able to break down hydrogen peroxide upon its addition into urine and gaseous oxygen which created bubbling and indicated a positive result. A sample was then inoculated on a mannitol salt agar plate. After incubation growth was present and the red media had turned yellow around the growth as a result of high levels of acid production. The data suggests that the gram positive bacteria was Staphylococci saprophyticus because it was gram positive, was catalase positive with the production of O, and was resistant to novobiocin disc.Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a strain of Staphylococcus bacteria. Approximately 25 percent of individuals carry this bacteria in the anal area, genitals, nose and mouth. People who walk barefoot are prone to acquire the bacteria from the floor. Staphylococcus may cause an infection when the bacteria enter a cut in any area of the body. These staph infections can range from boils to flesh-eating infections. The most common staph infection is Staphylococcus saprophyticus which commonly occurs in women.This staph is one of two bacteria which can invade the urinary piece of ground. Approximately 20 percent of women who suffer from a urinary tract infection (UTI) will have another infection. **References 1) Matar, Suzan. Medical microbiology Laboratory Manual. Jordan University of Jordan publishing. 2) http//www. studymode. com/subjects/unknown-lab-report-on-gram-positive-bacteria-page1. html . 3) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria . 4) http//www. ehow. com/about_5453276_staphylococcus-sapro phyticus-infection. html

Genetic Engineering Is the Key to a Better Future

In February 1997, Dolly, the first mammalian cl genius was born in Edinburgh, Scotland (Wilson, 2003, p104). With this achievement, the public starts to give attention towards the ascertain of inherited technology and recombinant of desoxyribonucleic acid. Since that successful achievement onwards, mint, governments and organizations had been aroused by the genetic engineering consequents. The consequences of this debate had been a public protest against the use of such observational procedures genetic engineering.The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning and this field of study should not be protested because it has a lot of advantages to improve the quality of spirit for on the whole. The uncovering of desoxyribonucleic acid was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Before that, what is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is also known as genetic qualifying which is the human manipulation of organisms genetic material in a way that does not occur under natural conditions. It involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques, but does not include traditional animal and plant breeding or mutagenesis.Besides that, it is also the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells to modification hereditary traits or capture biological products. The techniques include the use of hybridomas (hybrids of rapidly multiplying flockcer cells and of cells that make a desired antibody) to make monoclonal antibodies gene splicing or recombinant DNA, in which the DNA of a desired gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, which then reproduces itself, yielding more of the desired gene and polymerase chain reaction, which makes complete(a) copies of DNA fragments and is used in DNA fingerprinting (Arora, 2007).This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950s. In 1951 three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA (Wilson, 20 03, p1 & p11). Later, they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin, 1984). DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organisms genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Later they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962.In 1972 Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecules by combined DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus. The first genetic engineering company, Genentech, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson in 1976. Genetic engineering could be used to heighten states lives by its application to plants and animals used for food (Wilson, 2003, p115). Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the potential benefits for the human species. For example, it volition be practicable for cows to will be genetically engineered to produce pharmaceuticals in their milk.This means that vaccination shots and p ills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply organism fed this milk. Imagine the impact on the quality of life for people who live in third world countries interchangeable Somalia. Countries could be do hale and immune to disease. Malnutrition, a common problem in some a(prenominal) third world countries where impoverished people rely on a single trot such as rice for the main staple of their diet (Whitman, 2000), could also possibly be cured with genetic engineering.Rice does not provide all of the nutrients that the body needs in third world countries and other food is very scarce. If rice or bread, some other major staple, is genetically engineered to contain superfluous necessary vitamins and minerals then we could go a long way towards wiping out malnutrition all over the world. In addition, farmers who breed plants and animals specifically can be engineered to produce more meat or fruit, faster and easier than normal, then food wo uld become cheaper and more plentiful. savemore, better tasting and more nutritious foods, fruits and vegetables with desired qualities can be produced.The atomic number 18a that stands to benefit the most from genetic engineering is medicine. Organ transplants and cosmetic procedures, like silicone breast implants, that may cause disease would soon renounce to exist. Instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that match the patients tissues exactly, thus ensuring that the mandatory tissue will be free of rejection by their immune system. Victims of terrible accidents who de shit the face and body would be able to have their features repaired with new and safer technology.Limbs for amputees would be regenerated and anyone would be able to have their appearance altered to their satisfaction without the risk of leaking silicone gel into their bodies, or the other problems that oc cur with present day credit card surgery. Because genetic engineering will insure acceptance by the body, those in desperate need of organ and other transplants will one-day have their prayers answered by cloning. development ones own cells to grow whole organs will eliminate the need for organ donors and waiting lists. Skin, brain cells, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could all be produced.Those who suffer from spinal injuries, like Christopher Reeve, might one day be able to get out of their wheelchairs and walk again. Genetic engineering also has the power to cure infertility, which a horrible reality that many couples throughout the world face. The current options for infertile couples are inefficient, painful, expensive, and heart breaking (Human Cloning Foundation). Many couples run out of time and funds without successfully having electric razorren. According to the Human Cloning Foundation, less than 10 percent of the current infertility treatments are successful.G enetic engineering could make it doable for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before by boosting success rates through nuclear transfer of sperm from the father into the mothers egg, thus creating a beautiful unique child. The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning but most of the society is totally against this field of study. Most of them states that genetic engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The concept that society needs to understand is that with the right amount of time and money, genetic engineering will protagonist to reduce diseases and save many lives.Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a vital role in many lives throughout the world. Genetic engineering includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, sperm banks, cloning, and gene manipulation (Goetz, 1990). Synthetic insulin is now available for use to treat diabetes. This man made insulin has many positive aspects, which includ e its life span, the cost to manufacture it and the amount that is available. The synthetic insulin lasts for two to three times longer than its natural form and be substantially less to manufacture than to remove it from an animal.One other benefit is the amount that can be manufactured. In animals, the scientists need to wait for it to mature to extract the insulin. The synthetic source is completely man made and any amount can be manufactured in large quantities. The replication of insulin is not the merely way biotechnology is being utilized. Today, people receive synthetic hormones that their body cannot produce such as growth hormones, thyroid, estrogen, and testosterone. Vaccines are also another form of genetic engineering that has been used for many geezerhood.Vaccines already protect against disease to a certain extent, but for a virus like HIV, it is too uncivilized to inject somebody with a vaccine. The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contain s a dead or weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives and possibly eliminate the disease. With the technology genetic engineering, this biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live. Other than insulin, plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly accepted, but why?It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is aphorism that it is all right for a plant to be genetically engineered but not a human. Besides part of the natural order of things, people do question about the moral aspects. The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine. Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at high rate. If the science of genetic engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine.The reason is because genetic engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like quadruplicate sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering. Do they think that it is morally wrong or right? They think that it is right because it is going to save their childs life.Cloning is another form of genetic engineering that is not accepted as morally right. According to Gunter Kahl (2009), Clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms originating from one single ancestral cell or organism. The term Clone originates from Greek word Klon, which means twig . For example, to toller a human heart, scientist does not have to clone the whole person. They only need to clone the heart by itself. There would be no p urpose in cloning a person, because it offers science little or no benefits.If somebody is cloned, it does not mean it will be the same person in all way. It only means that their genetic makeup will be exactly alike. The environment in which they grow up plays a major role in the development of the persons personality. Safety of genetic engineering is also something that presents as a concern. Today the Federal and State Governments set many limitations on biotechnological industries. The FDA and State Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic engineering processes.The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. Another form of genetic engineering is the use of gene therapy. Gene therapy is illegal because people should not be able to create the perfect child, but they should be able to correct a gene in a child if it has a chance of being b orn with Down syndrome. The safety precautions are the effect in order to save the lives of unborn babies. Gene therapy cannot be used on humans until it is perfected and when there is not regular little or no chance of failure.These sciences are not perfect but giving it a few years to improve it then it will be a great benefit to the human race. Cloning is also related to the safety issue in genetic engineering. In terms cloning, it is not safe to clone a human. It took 277 trials to successfully clone Dolly the sheep. This should not stop scientists from trying to clone organs that could save many lives. Currently three states banned the cloning of humans. Among the states are Michigan, Rhode Island, and California. The state banns will stay in effect for five years in California and Rhode Island.In the state of Michigan, if convicted of attempting or cloning a human there is a number of penalties, including a ten-year prison sentence. With this amount of time, the scientists wi ll have perfected the process of cloning and it will be accepted more than it is now. The safety regulations of cloning only extend to human cloning at the present time. This is due to the fact that cloning is not perfect and some abnormalities and failures may have come about in this new technology. Society cannot give birth to be perfect the first time it does something, but merely get better as they practice.The more tests that are done on bacteria, plants, and organisms the more impelling genetic engineering will benefit human life in the future. Scientists are also able to detect abnormalities in the cloned organism before it has even started to develop. By monitoring the DNA of the organism, scientists can decide if the clone will be able to further develop. If it is not able to then the process can be terminated. With all the benefits mentioned earlier, genetic engineering does bring a lot of advantages for all. However, most people throughout the world still feel that the issue of genetic engineering is unethical (Wilson, 2003, p133).Even though genetic engineering is a new aspect of our technological research, it should, at all costs, be allowed to develop further. The possible benefits from genetic engineering are endless. Genetic engineering, then, is a tool that humans can use to cure many of their problems. The possibilities are endless if only we do not let ourselves be restricted by those who are afraid of the unknown. The people of the world should ease up on holding back the organic evolution of science and realize its possibilities for future generations.

Equality, Diversity and Rights Essay

Diversity over altogether is what makes everyone a unique adult male existence, for example the human race is incredibly diverse. There are different aspects of diversity in a contemporary British Society, which could be skin colour, religion, heritage, hair colour, education, gender, kind class, race, governmental opinion, marital status and family structure could be some for example.It is important to be open to differences and celebrate it because that way you posterior take advantage of everyones talent. You take away to be prepared for changes as things are changing within the whole of Britain and working population, for example people from ethnic minorities make up 7.9% of the UK population and in London its 31%. It is an advantage living in a diverse society as everyone is different and everyone has their receive opinions.Equality over in all is about fair play which agent making judgements from discrimination it is in like manner about natural justice which is basic /fundamental judicial extended to a person with declines at anaesthetize, it is excessively about cosmos impartial and reasonable which means showing lack of favourism and organism liable to give a account of ones actions. The British society is viewed as one that tolerates the beliefs and values of opposites tolerance means to tolerate unfavourable conditions. Although there are those who are intolerant to others, our laws and the way we live in society means that we are a society tolerant to others differences and we are open-minded. There are people within society that pre-judge which means that you judge without subtle the facts, they may to a fault generalise which means having a general overview of something, there is also attitude which people may do which is a mental carry involving beliefs and feeling, all these three things are negative to society as this could lead to discrimination towards some-one.We all acquire the undecomposed to be respected, treated equal ly and also not discriminated against, treated in a dignified way, allowed privacy, protected from danger or harm, allowed access to personal information ( undercoverity), allowed to communicate using preferred methods and cared for in such ship quarteral that means our yields and takes account for our choices. We also need to have respect this is being polished, having open body language, being an active listener, being honest, by asking them if they are ok, addressing the person with their preferred name, give them a choice, and most of all give them dignity and privacy.Everybody as a British citizen has their own right, which could be to be the religion you want to be, the right to be free from discrimination, a freedom of speech, a right to education, the right to choice your lifestyle and your clothing, the right to work, the right to be in a relationship and to get married, right to have children, right to be treated medically, and the right to have the right trial. You al so have the right to be protected from danger and harm. Care Value BaseThe care value base is a range of standards for health and social care. It is designed to guide the practice of professionals working in the area. The aim of the standards is to improve clients quality of life, by ensuring that each person gets the care that is curb for them as an individual.This care value base offers guidance in three chief(prenominal) areas of health and social care it also sets standards, these three areas are* advance compare and diversity which is recognising and supporting peoples individual inevitably. * Fostering peoples rights and responsibilities which means supporting a clients right to choose their own life style and helping them to accept their responsibilities. * Maintaining confidentiality of information which means that any information clients give you is private and confidential whether it is verbal, written or electronic.You have to avoid a lot of things on the Care Val ue Base which are* Stereotyping because you may make assumptions on them establish on their sex, race, age nationality or sexuality for example. * Prejudice because you cant not like some-one just on how they live or their personal minimise and carers have to ensure prejudice doesnt affect the quality of care minded(p) to usefulness substance ab exploiters/clients * Discrimination because there are so galore(postnominal) ways of discriminating against some-one as there are so many different types of people. Discrimination is overall the result of prejudice and stereotyping but worse and it also means providing poorer or better care to some people. * Race Discrimination because you cant treat some-one other than because of the colour of their skin or their racial scope * Sex Discrimination because you cant treat different genders (male or female) differently you have to treat them in the same way. * Age Discrimination because you cant treat some-one less favourably because of th eir age. * Disability Discrimination because if some-one has a disability it doesnt mean they are any different to us therefrom you have to treat them the same.You also need to make sure that attend users/clients are aware of their rights and responsibilities in care setting, which are Clients have the right to Clients have a responsibility to* Not discriminate against others* Respect the confidentiality of others* Do no harm to others* Not be discriminated against* Confidentiality* Their own beliefs and valuesThere is also a legal requirement to keep all personal records confidential. The 1998 Data Protection Act states that date has to be secure, accurate, and that it can only be used for confine purposes.Potential Affects on Service Users when Discriminated AgainstIf a service user has been discriminated against or not been able to their right or not been treated equally to all the other service users because the service users may feel a lot of feelings and may not want to be there, there are many emotions the service users may feel such as * Distress because they are not getting the full attention they could be getting from their carers, and they capacity need the attention they require which they are not getting. * Not want to be there, this is because they are not being treated as though they deserve to be there therefrom they get out feel like they shouldnt be there like every other service user is. * Embarrassed because other service users may be always looking at them and they may be thinking that they are getting treated probably whereas they arent. * Scared because something efficiency be wrong with them, however the service user is not being told because they are not being treated equally. * Might bring back former experiences this is because they may have been through this experience before at another occasion. * Be out of his/her comfort zone, this might be because they are used to being treated equally and right by family/friends howeve r where the service user is now they are not.* Worried because the service user is not getting totally cared for therefore he has got no-one to lambast to about things such as things he worries about therefore the service user is going to worry more. * Cry for help, this might be because they may have got that worried, stressed, angry etc. that they need to cry and plead for their attention from carers. * May be in pain, this may because the service user hasnt been checked out by carers and they wouldnt have access to pain killers etc. * May even be scared of dieing, this is because they havent been comforted by carers/friends in the care home, hospital etc. * Upset because they dont know why they are being treated differently to everyone else and why they are not getting the right service they should be getting. * Angry because they are not getting the professional service that should be given to them. There will be many other emotions the service user will be feeling and this wo uld but the service user in a very awkward way of feeling and may start to not eat, or not take part in any activities or may make him just want to sit down all day and do nothing which is not good for the service user.The service user would expect a lot of things from the carer such as *Respect towards them- because they this is what they expect from the carer and this is the way they would like to be treated as they treat the carer with respect * Politeness- because if the carer is not polite it wouldnt be a professional attitude towards the service user. * To be told what or whats going to happen to them- this would be rude and the service user would want to know what is going on and what they are going to do or what they are doing to them. The service user would also need to give acquiesce that they are willing to do this. * To be reassured- if the service user is upset, angry, scared etc, the carer would be expected to reassure them, and tell them everything will be okay and t o talk to them politely and not to make them more upset.* A clean bed- the service user will expect a clean bed, if this is not done then the service user could be laid in their own soil/sick etc. * Clean equipment- should be used as cross contamination could happen between certain services users, clean equipment should also be used because one of the service users may have something contagious therefore it would see onto another service user. * Appropriate language- because this would be unprofessional if the carer was talking to a service user with inappropriate language therefore appropriate language should be used at all times. * Treated with profession- because the service user expects this. * Privacy- because the service user may feel embarrassed other service users/carers watching them being treated or getting changed for example therefore when privacy is need by the service user the carer should always give them it. Privacy may be letting the service user have some time to themselves.* To be informed- this should be done to every service user because the service user call for to know what is wrong with them, what is going to happen, when they may be able to leave if they are in a hospital for example. * Given a choice- the service needs to be given a choice because what they may need to happen may be against their religion, they also may not want this to happen, they may be allergic to what they need to do, however these are only a few examples of why service users need to be given a choice. It is also cognize as discriminated if this does not happen. * Basic needs- the service users needs to have basic needs such as clean water for them to shower/bath in, they also need basic facilities such as a clean toilet/wash basin. The service user will also expect drinks/food to eat.* Trust- the service user will also expect trust from the carer because the service user will tell their carer things, that may be private or they may not but whether they are o r not the carer should not tell any-one else unless it could cause harm to other service users or anybody else. * Equal opportunities- the service user will also expect to be treated equally to every other service user as the service user will be discriminated against. * secure hygiene- the service users will expect the carers and the surrounding to be hygienic. * Dignity- the service user will expect the carer to treat them with dignity because they expect respect, politeness etc. * Confidentiality- the service user will expect their individual files to be kept confidential, they will also expect their carers to be confidential about them out of work therefore they shouldnt say to anyone out of work who they are and whats wrong with them.The Importance of Promoting Equal and recognising Diversity & Respecting RightsPromoting equality is a very important issue in the health and social care sector this is because equality in a health and social care setting means the right for all s taff and patients to be treated as equals. This also means that you should treat some-one the way you would like to be treated however as a carer this can not apply to you because if a service user was speaking to you impolite, this doesnt mean you can talk to them rudely aswell as you are a professional.The main reason inequality exists is the misunderstanding by todays society towards diversity. Diversity can be a lot of things it can be from the guileless norms, and can be used in the form of age, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation aswell as many other equal unfair reasons.Also by promoting equality you are allowing growth and freedom of an expression for each person.

Two Kinds Amy Tan Outline

Thesis In Two Kinds, Amy Tan uses defiant americanized Jing-Mei and her native mothers expectation of obedience to depict the clash of the cultures and its effect on the relationship between the two.I. Jing-Mei is overpowered by her hopeful and ambitious mother who believes that anything is possible and is willing to take any measures to achieve it however her ambitious nature weighs ponderous on Jing Mei and places strains on their relationship. a. My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America I. Like many immigrants to the United States, Jing-meis mother has created visions of her adopt country as a land of opportunity where all dreams may be realized (Brent)II. Culture aspect because mother holds ambitions shared my immigrants and childlike faith B. You could open a restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement You could buy a house with almost no money down. you could be at a time famous I. Opening paragraph introduces an element of irony in the narrators attitude toward her mothers vision of America as a place where you could become anything you wanted to be (Brent). II. Her mother has unreal expectations because she expected her to achieve greatness instantlyC. Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to the dish aerial training school in the Mission District and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. I. Her mothers American dreams, function as a symbol of hope for a brighter future for her daughter(Brent) II. Her mother is doing what she believes to be best for Jing- Mei but is causing her to resent her.III. When she looks in the mirror one night, she sees only her mothers of her as a failure and a disappointment(Brent) II. Her mothers asian culture subject matter that pride and honor paired with the sacrifice of her other children make Jing- Mei an outlet for her mother to channel all her hopes and dreams into. A. And after see ing, once again, my mothers disappointed face, something at heart me began to die. I. Jing-Meis sense of failure to embody her mothers hopes and dreams isdistressful (Brent).B. Three days after watching the Ed Sullivan Show my mother told me what my catalogue would be for piano lessons and piano practice. i. again her motheris trying her best to make Mei-Jing be better than she was trying to vicariously live through her destruction Although Mei-Jing initially resents her mothers cultural exceptions of her initially she then realizes as she comes of age that her mother only has her best interest in hear. The piano symbolizes the essay to stay true to herself but also trying to remain obedient and respectful to her mother. Acceptance of the piano as a gift symbolizes her mothers forgiveness of her. Coming of age means maturity for Mei-Jing and regret towards her actions when younger.

An Argument Against Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve

An Argument against Drilling in the Alaskan National Wildlife substitute By James Andrew Whitten Government Economics Heath Vincent March 5, 2013 Americas rank as the gentlemans gentlemans plying superpower gives the community unsurpassed clout throughout the rest of the world, but as the old saying goes With great power comes great responsibility. Many other nations not altogether rely on Americas economy for their own countrys survival, but they also look up to America with a wannabee sense for the future.The founding fathers of this great nation had excellent insight into the authority that America would one day possess, and thus they attempted to set many precedents that would lead the way for the nations that would choose to follow Americas example. Still today, every move that the American nation makes is carefully scrutinized by the other nations of the world. So, it is crucial that the joined States ensure that as it moves forward, it does so with a noble and future ori ented perception of its goals.Thus, drilling for fossil oil in the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve would be a colossal mistake for the United States, because drilling would be detrimental to the pristine indigenous environment, it would have little or no beneficial allude on the American or Global economy, and would poorly exemplify the ambitions that America should have. For the past century, the global dependency on oil has progressively increased individually and every year. Now, the worlds need for a steady oil supply is at an all-time high, but oil supplies are slowly fall day by day.Oil prices have sky rocketed, the environment has been irreversibly damaged, and it is evident that this rate of oil consumption is completely unsustainable. So should America not be avidly searching for new sustainable alternatives to oil, rather than attempting to destroy land set aside for the very purpose of protecting it against such damaging procedures as oil drilling? The Alaskan Natio nal Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is one of the many wildlife preservation efforts that great men in Americas past actual in order to preserve both the natural beauty of this great land, and the natural environment and its resources.Humans are one of the few species that contribute nearly nonentity to ecosystem in which they live, yet they devour gargantuan amounts of the resources around them. Gasoline is an excellent example of this. Americans are consistently obliterating the ozone layer through their emission of toxic pollutants from the turgidity they use every day in their cars. Yet, rather than address the unmaintainable way of living they have adopted by attempting to lower their consumption, they just expect much gas.The American government should not allow this mindset to continue, and should aid its people in having a better understanding of their effect on the environment. This same cupidity carries directly over into the frugal side of this situation too. Rather than ac cepting that ANWR only has enough oil resources to last for six months if the nation were to rely solo on it, and that the oil drilled would at the very most impact the oil price by three percent, Americans fool themselves into believing that ANWR can adjure economic salvation.The American people would like to believe that this oil will release the country from its unhealthy dependence on foreign oil, but the situation is thither is nowhere near enough oil there to have any such affect. And, the only people who will find true economic gain from the oil will be the oil companies. Instead of being blinded by greed, America should fix the real problem, the inflated consumption of oil by the American people. Finally, as previously stated, many nations admirably look up to Americas great influence in hope of a better future for their own nation.America should utilize this power to ensure that other nations also follow in a direction that will lead the world to a future that this curre nt generation can take pride in. Drilling in the Alaskan National Wildlife Preserve would have the exact reversion effect. By drilling in ANWR, America would be making a statement that it is perfectly acceptable to further destroy the worlds inconstant environment all for the sake of greed. It would set a pattern that said no matter the circumstances of the area, no matter that it is a safe oasis for animal breeding, and no matter that the people of the world need o truly reflect on the rate of their oil consumption, it is acceptable to drill anywhere that oil is found. Would the American people have been so ready to drill if the refinery were going to be in Yellowstone and the magnificent Sequoias would have to be demolished? No, it would be an abomination to even consider, and so the same mentality should be set for ANWR. Americans have always taken an abundant pride in their country. The founding fathers of the decently nation developed a country that is far beyond what anyo ne could have imagined two-hundred years ago.However, they too realized that all resources are not infinite and that there is great need to protect certain pieces of land for the sake of the future. Thus, they developed national wildlife reserves in the hope of setting aside land specifically for the purpose of preservation. The American nation needs to remember this, and maintain the ideals of those who came before them by looking to the future, not just the present. ANWR is meant for conservation, not more devastation.

Elderly living in institution and community

The rapidly increasing population of sr. all over the world has been one of the important concerns of the conclusion makers and planners on how to provide health care and facilities. Statistics shows that population of elderly accounts for one individual of the ten persons is now at age 60 years former(a) and above. It is projected that in the year 2015, there give be an increasing rate of elderly population such that there will be quint out of 10 persons considered as senior citizens. In the Philippines, there is an estimated 5. Million elderly Filipinos or about 6. % of the total 80 million populations. This is projected to receive by 9. 5% in the year 2020. Despite of the spiritedness expectancy and the facilities on medical and social systems provide to elderly, the vital question is What are their situations and experiences at elderly stage? Are they experiencing uncomfortable situations such as lonesomeness, depression, social isolation or controversial quality of life ? In some Asian countries like the Philippines culture dictates that the family must take care of their elders.But some arousing circumstances like when both couples of a family must work so that here is no one to take care of them or when poverty cripples the financial status of the family. These circumstances will leave an option but to put their elders in an institution. The connotation that put them in an institution might divulge some questions such as will the elders be lonely when they are in an institution or will they be happy thinking that they will never be a burden for their family.? Will their lonesomeness affect the quality of life that they hire in the institution?How the Filipino family may adjust when their elders are in the institution and as they are facing the dead of ingratitude to their loved one. check to some research studies, it was postulated that the quality of life is not homogeneous, but multidimensional in nature with many option extending from hea lth indications to individual habits, cultures and ethics. Loneliness has a psychological dimension which reflects somebody attitude and behavior about his life. Elderly often expresses negative feelings and solitude because of the ageing process and social strength that tempt their quality of life.In this reasons, loneliness could be a one important parameter or indicators that effect the quality of life or vice versa, particularly the elders society. supposititious Framework Psychosocial Theory. Erik Erikson (1950) who took a special interest in the lowest stage of life, concluded that the primary psychosocial task of late adulthood (65 and beyond) is to maintain ego justness (holding in to ones sense of wholeness) while avoiding despair (fearing there is too little time to begin a new life course).According to the author, those who succeed at this final task also develop wisdom that includes accepting without any regrets of life and has to live until the end of last breath d eath). He emphasized that pull down older adults who are above in the high degree of integrity can felt some despair at this stage which they contemplate their sometime(prenominal) experiences. Interactions Theory. Weiss (1978) mentioned there are two elements of loneliness. One aspect is the emotional loneliness due to the absence of an attachment figure and the other one is the social loneliness or the absence of an acceptable social network.Register Theory of Generative Quality of Life for the Elderly. According to M. Elizabeth Register and JoAnne Herman (2006), the quality of life is defined as creation unconnected with the forces and processes that constitute an assenting existence. The elderly generate quality of life as they experience connectedness in which is a state of synchronous, harmonious, and interactive armorial bearing with the six interrelated forces and processes. It involved the act of being metaphysically connected to spiritual, biological, environmental and to the society.Conceptual Framework In the above theoretical framework, the conceptual framework of the pack is developed as shown in Figure 1. The first rectangle box contains the variable of loneliness (independent variable) while the second rectangle box contains the actors contributing to the dimensions of quality of life. The two arrows follow the kinds between loneliness and the quality of life of elders. The third rectangle contains the output/outcome of the study as an Enhanced Quality of Life of the elders in the community and the institution.Conceptual picture Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm Showing the Relationship between Loneliness and Quality of Life of Elders Statement of the Problem The study will determine the relationship of loneliness and quality of life of elderly individuals living in the community and institutions. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions 1. How may the level of loneliness of the elders in the community and in the institution be described when categorized as 1. 1 . Positive feelings, and 1. 2. Negative Feelings? . What is the level of the quality of life of the respondents when class according to 2. 1. frantic aspect 2. 2. Physical aspect and 2. 3. Social aspect? 3. Is there a significant relationship between loneliness and quality of life of the elders? 4. Is there a significant difference in loneliness and quality of life between elders in the community and in the institution? 5. What are the indemnity recommendation(s) to repair quality of life and sustain the programs of elderly in mitigating the loneliness of elders?In this study, the researcher will provide policy recommendations or measures on how to step in appropriate program and activities for the elderly whether in the community or within the institution. Hypothesis The hypothesis will be tested at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho There IS no significant relationship between the level of loneliness and quality of life among eld ers. Ho There IS no significant difference IN the loneliness and quality of life of elders living in the community and institution. Significance of the Study Student nurses.The result of this study will dish up them enhance their friendship and understanding on taking care of elders. It will help them to have an open mind to care holistically for the elders and to treat them highly individualized. Family members. The findings of the study can help them assess the quality of life of elders in institutions and will serve as a guide in the decision making if they are pushed to whose between putting their beloved parents to an institution or not. Health practitioners. The results of the study can help them to reach out beneficial conclusions.They can detect the factors on how to mitigate and improve the quality of life by avoiding the loneliness experiences of elders. It can also provide information on what are the weaknesses and opportunities of elders daily living and make a sustain able program and activities, I. E. , rehabilitation programmer for elders. Future researchers. This study can provide information to have follow-up study to elated the variables and other parameters to measure the loneliness relative to the quality of life.Scope and Limitation The focus of this study is to establish the relationship between loneliness and quality of life of the elders at the institutions and community levels. The study will adapt and use the generic questionnaire developed by Nottingham Health Profile for Quality of Life and UCLA Loneliness using the Liker scale. The respondents of this study will be express to 150 respondents in which the elders had an age ranging from 60 to 89 years old. The respondents also had no dementia and physical disability.Definition of Terms Loneliness refers to the positive and negative feelings of the elderly in community and institution. Negative Feeling- refers to a state of social isolation and feelings of emptiness. Positive Feelin g- state of harmony with oneself and other people. Quality of Life- refers to the emotional, physical and social dimensions of the elders. Emotional Aspect- refers to the inner feelings of elders regarding their emotion. Physical Aspect- refers to the functional and biological status of the elder Social Aspect- refers to the status of connection of elders to the people surrounding them.

Coursework on Business Law

The correct citation of The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 is Public Law nary(prenominal) 109-8, 119. It became fully effective last October 17, 2005. The law implements the new means test to determine whether a debtor is eligible for liquidation which is found in chapter 7 or must file under wage-earner repayment plan found in chapter 13.In order to protect the interests of employees and for reasons of public interest, the law also set manage random audits and targeted audits to determine whether a liquidation and debtors bankruptcy documents are accurate (The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, 2009, p. 1). It is true(a) that businesses sometimes use bankruptcy as a means to address labor issues which includes reformed contract with the union.The same is true with the case of United air lane Company when it had merger proceedings with US Airways, wherein several union members complained. The labor union is composed o f the United Flight Attendants wherein its members fought for about 29 days to clear up the pilots contract dispute (AFA Announces United Flight Attendants Elect Militant Leadership, 2008, p. 1). The contract being fought for becomes successful due to the efforts of union members. Mr. Gardner violated the law.The notice of garnishment on the wages of Clarence Ellis has nothing to do with his excogitate in the company. It was a legal process wherein any person or entity with whom Mr. Ellis was indebted, may take his wages or money in the bank as payment. However, it was not related to the job of Mr. Ellis as laborer and carpenter. Hence, the grounds for firing him such as alcoholism, poor job performance, insubordination, and dishonesty being used by Mr. Gardner are not applicable. Therefore, Mr.Gardners act of firing Mr. Ellis is baseless. References CBS Interactive Inc. 4 April 2008. AFA Announces United Flight Attendants Elect MilitantLeadership. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from htt p//findarticles. com/p/ articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2008_April_4/ai_n25126630/? stigmatise=content-innercol. U. S. Trustee Program/Dept. Of Justice. 2009. Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Consumer Protection Act of 2005. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http//www. usdoj. gov/ust/eo/bapcpa/index. htm.

Orwell disapproves of communism Essay

In both cases, the authors reinforce the declaration that word is dropping by demonstrating depreciation in language. The quantify traveler describes the language of the Eloi to be very basic, with sentences and expressions often composed of not more than twain words. In fact, he learnt a good amount of the language during his short stay. Wells is suggesting that since human intelligence is decreasing, the need for a diverse language, rich with adjectives and adverbs, is diminished.Hence humans only speak when they need to, and when they do, theyre speech has a very basic structure, composed mainly of a subject and a verb, for example. In xix cardinal, Orwell writes about a new language, called Newspeak, which the government is introducing. He explains plans to rid the world of plain English, or Oldspeak, and replace it with Newspeak, the idea being that if the government faecal matter control peoples speech, then ultimately, they can reduce the thoughts and decisions that peop le are up to(p) of making.This way people can have uniform thinking, one and only(a) of the endeavours of totalitarianism. Orwell has included a detailed analysis and explanation of Newspeak in an appendix, but the two fundamental rules slow the language are to remove the majority of the words from the English language and replace them with modified versions of early(a) words and to abbreviate proper nouns and multiple-word phrases and statements, and respell them. The adjective good, for example can be modified to express adjectives such(prenominal) as bad and excellent. These, respectively, would be ungood, and plusgood. An example of the second rule of Newspeak is Ingoc, an abbreviation of English Socialism. The general soupcon that Wells and Orwell are making, is that the deterioration of language indicates that past political practices lead to a reduction in general intelligence levels. An interesting similarity is that the main character in both books stumbles across a female to whom they feel attached. Although the relationships between the date Traveller and his female, Weena, in The Time Machine, and Winston and his female, Julia, is different, I desire they practice a similar purpose in the stories.The fact that both couples are eventually tragically separate suggests that in the futures in the books, sleep together is not welcome. In The Time Machine, Wells describes how couples seemed to only exist in order to reproduce, and how nobody expressed any emotional attachment to anybody else. For a very short period, The Time Traveller and Weena show attachment to eachother, but Weena is killed off in a horrific setting, where the Morlocks drag her international while The Time Traveller is asleep. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, although neither Winston nor Julia is killed off, Orwell yet again shocks the lector in ending the two characters love for each other.After being brainwashed at the Ministry of Love, both characters automatically lose all a ttachment to each other. Orwell has demonstrated that even Love, is under the queen of the government. I believe that Orwell and Wells are targeting readers who have been or are in love. These readers or Nineteen Eighty-Four may be thinking to themselves, Ah, but one thing the government cannot control is love And then, to the readers astonishment, Winston and Julia are no longer lovers. Why? Because the government did not want them to be.In many cases changes expressed in both books are much more extreme in The Time Machine than in Nineteen Eighty-Four. For example, in Nineteen Eighty-Four, although people have generally become slight intelligent, they have not become so to the extent of the races of The Time Machine people can hushed read, write and speak with great expression and effect, but only to the extent that the Party allows. I believe that this is because Wells is dealing with a much later date, and so can make radical changes and allege that over long periods of ti me, such changes are possible.Orwell was only writing thirty-five or so old age into the future, and so modifications cannot be as extreme. Due to their hidden messages, both books seem to be targeting readers who would be capable of decoding the front-text. The Time Machine also discusses scientific and philosophic matters, which would be difficult to comprehend if the reader is not familiar with that area of science. Nineteen Eighty-Four also requires the reader to be psychologically mature, as it includes some pages that portray sex. The major difference between the two books is the political philosophies that they are criticising.Nineteen Eighty-Four suggests that Orwell disapproves of fabianism especially Stalin and his reign of terror and, obviously, totalitarianism. The general message in the book is that theoretical communism is not possible, and real communism always involves a tyrant. In The Time Machine, Wells is targeting capitalism. The Time Traveller states, soc ial difference between the capitalist and the labourer was the key to the whole position. He believed that over time, industrial workers were banished to the underground and evolved to work here.I think that both books were an excellent read. The authors effectively included powerful messages in an engrossing storyline. The use of satire gave the texts their power. Nineteen Eighty-Four is amongst my favourite books, not only because Orwell, being the outstrip satirist that he is, cleverly ridicules Stalin and communism in general, but also because Orwell has a unique expressive style of communicating with the reader. His texts are informal and interesting, allowing him to form tight relationships with the reader.

Ethical Delima

This geek presents an honorable predicament, a detail which arises when one moldiness choose between mutually exclusive alternatives (Beauchamp& Walters, 2003). Decisions may generate results that are desirable in almost respects and undesirable in opposites. In Juanas case, her decision to refuse the blood blood transfusion had the desired essence of allowing her to remain true to her spiritual beliefs. However, her choice also resulted in her death. If she had followed the recommendation of the physicians and the team, the desirable outcome would have been possible survival but would have had the undesired effect of violating her apparitional principles.The major honourable dilemma was that by honoring the tolerants indecorum and religious beliefs, the physicians and interdisciplinary team were faced with compromising their virtuous responsibility to make do professional care in accordance with established standards (Chua & Tham, 2006). A brief review of the lit of Nu rsing Collection II Lippincott Nursing Journals (from Ovid) and CINAHL databases for the past 5 years found no consequence to support beat out practice for a Jehovahs Witness who is pregnant and has experienced blunt trauma.Healthcare providers faced with this situation have sometimes attempted to obtain court orders that would overrule the diligent roles decision and result in her submitting to recommended aesculapian give-and-take. For example, the Illinois Supreme Court (Illinois v. Brown, 1996) upheld a mothers decision to refuse blood transfusions even though they were vital for both the mothers and fetus survival. The Patients Bill of Rights states that the health care providers responsibility is to give patients accurate information and that patients must consent to treatment (New York rural area Department of Health, 2008).This is consistent with the Federal governments recommendations to create guidelines that assure health care quality and to reaffirm the critical a ffair consumers play in safeguarding their own health, (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nursing practice is governed by the patients refine to autonomy rather than her religious beliefs (Levy, 1999). The first item in the Ameri disregard Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses with interpretive Statements (2001) mentiones respect for human dignityTruth telling and the process of reaching informed choice underlie the exercise of self-determination, which is basic to respect for person Clients have the moral right to determine what will be done with their own person to be given accurate information, and all the information necessary for fashioning informed judgments to be assisted with weighing the benefits and burdens of options in their treatment to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without obsession and to be given necessary emotional support (p. 1).However, it is difficult to witness death based on a persons decision to forgo care when medi cal options to sustain life are available. Treating this type of patient becomes peculiarly challenging when it involves two lives. Virtue ethical motive To analyze this ethical dilemma, the principles of Western medicine and the religious beliefs of Jehovahs Witnesses were examined. The questions that surfaced were (a) how would the application of virtue ethics provide insight into Juanas situation, (b) what were the ethical principles in conflict, and (c) why was it an issue to administer a blood transfusion to Juana in an emergency situation.Volbrechts framework for ethical depth psychology was utilized to address the clinical dilemma and the questions listed above. Virtue ethics was the primary hypothesis employed prior to the 17th century. This theory centers on shared familial and cultural histories and religious traditions and acknowledges the communitys ability to identify, interpret, prioritize, and adjust to moral considerations within a particular context (Volbrecht, 20 02). The following is an exposition of this case according to virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on what is morally correct from the patients view mention and centers on the patients autonomy.Actions and character are intertwined, and the ability to act morally is item on ones moral character and integrity. Virtue ethics focuses on the context of the situation (Volbrecht, 2002). Ethical analysis of virtue ethics entails (a) identifying the problem, (b) analyzing context, (c) exploring options, (d) applying the decision process, and (e) implementing the plan and evaluating results (Volbrecht, 2002). Identifying the problem Juana, a 20-year-old Hispanic muliebrity, 32 weeks pregnant, was involved in a car accident. Internal bleeding to the thoracic or abdominal cavity was suspected.The stakeholders were the woman, her husband, the fetus, and the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The team thought the best method of treatment for this patient was to administer a blood transfusion a nd perform an emergency cesarean section. Both the patient and her husband refused this option because of their religious beliefs and provided written support indicating that the patient would not accept blood or blood products. The value issues were the physical survival of the woman and her fetus versus the womans religious integrity. Analyzing contextTo understand the decision- do process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, compassion, and respect. The patients religious beliefs and how they influenced her decision must also be taken into consideration. Gardiner (2003) confirms that the ethical principles mentioned above influence ones choices. In Juanas case, the healthcare team suspected she was experiencing internal bleeding and that she and the fetus were in physiological distress. Juanas decision to reject the proposed treatment was based on her stated religious beliefs.The contextual factors of this case centered on the patients religious beliefs. The patient stated she would rather be embraced in the hollow bosom of Jehovah than to be condemned for all eternity, if she should arrive a blood transfusion. Nurses draw from the code of ethics to reflect upon and understand the persons perspective, and to honor her wishes. The nurse provides function with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature of the health problem (ANA, 2001, p.1). To respect the patients decision and honor her dignity, supportive care was provided to the patient in an effort to save her life, while at the same time respecting her wishes. The ANA Code of Ethics supports the point of view that healthcare providers should respect patients wishes and decisions despite their own personal beliefs (ANA, 2001). Applying an ethical decision process looking for through the lens of virtue ethics, the caregivers focused on Juanas autonomy and her right to choose what she perceived best in spite of the possible outcomes.Juana was a competent, pregnant woman who made informed decisions not to adjoin blood transfusions or a caesarean section. Based on virtue ethics, the healthcare providers respected the patients autonomy by reflecting on and honoring the decision of the patient and her husband based on her religious value and beliefs. The healthcare providers also displace on the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the well-being of others. In this case, the well-being was not physiological but spiritually oriented.The principle of nonmaleficence was also employed by not intentionally inflicting harm on the patient and honoring her wishes. Violation of a clients deeply held beliefs is a form of doing harm. (Leonard & Plotnikoff, 2000). They also drew from the principles of veracity and respect, which entail being truthful to the patient and allowing her to make an informe d decision (Volbrecht, 2002). The nursing virtues of compassion, moral courage, and self-reliance also contribute to an understanding of this situation. Evaluating resultsAt the time this clinical situation presented itself there were no circumstantial guidelines in the institution for dealing with the dilemma presented by this case. However, there are guidelines for Jehovahs Witnesses specifically geared to beforehand(predicate) identification and management of gynecological patients. For example, in Australasia, there are specific guidelines for treating pregnant women that focus on stabilizing the patient by using traditional and new treatment modalities to meet patient needs, particularly for Jehovahs Witnesses or other patients who decline blood transfusions (Womens Hospitals Australasia, 2005).For antepartum patients, the guidelines focus on early identification of Jehovahs Witnesses during prenatal visits, as well as placing these patients on a high risk protocol, includin g maintenance of high hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, having advance directives completed, and establishing affiliations with other hospitals that are well-equipped and staffed to meet these patients needs (Womens Hospitals Australasia, 2005). The Hartford Hospital in computed tomography has a similar program and also performs bloodless procedures on patients who are Jehovahs Witnesses (Miller, 1996).As a result of Juanas case being reviewed by the ethics committee post-mortem, a risk-management protocol was developed requiring patients who refuse blood transfusions to shorten a waiver that removes the legal responsibility for the decision from the hospital and caregivers. To support this type of protocol, the Society for the advance of Blood Management maintains a database of hospitals that provide blood-conserving services in the United States as well as in Canada, Chile, Korea, and South Africa (Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, 2008).The problem, however, in a n emergency situation is that it may not be possible to get the patient to a participating hospital. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (2004) recommends that advance directives and other legal papers be in place should an emergency arise. These documents should be easily accessible so that healthcare providers can honor the patients directives. In so doing, they will be applying the theory of virtue ethics and, therefore, respect the patients wishes (Macklin, 2003).Healthcare providers should practice beneficence and non-maleficence without imposing their beliefs as to the right thing to do. More explicit and familiar guidelines would benefit both patients and providers when faced with similar ethical dilemmas. Conclusion In nursing practice, cases of patients refusing blood transfusions or other interventions are becoming more common. Therefore, content regarding ethical issues, such as Juanas case, needs to be integrated into nursing curricula and the clinical arena.Nursing educators who incorporate bioethics into critical thinking in clinical decision making situations can prepare novice and experienced nurses to handle complex ethical dilemmas, such as draw in this paper. The learning process may be facilitated through integrating lectures with case studies and utilizing patient simulators to nurture enhance the learning process (Larew et al. , 2006).These teaching approaches would provide the opportunity to expose nurses to scenarios of acute patients where they can throw in in a safe environment, which in turn would decrease their anxiety and promote learning. Nurse educators can further facilitate the learning process by providing clinical experiences with diverse patient populations in a variety of settings followed by discussion of actual clinical experiences, ethical issues, and debriefing (Larew et al. , 2006).Nursing faculty have an ethical responsibility to prepare competent nurses and facilitate continuing education that will help nurses recognize ethical dilemmas in practice and apply ethical principles in trying to resolve them. The focus in practice, education, and enquiry must be on providing care that respects patients cultural beliefs and autonomy. Nursing educators should place equal speech pattern on ethics in order to provide the best holistic care possible. To do anything else is a disservice both to the profession and to our patients.

Biography of Jon Corzine

Jonathan Corzine was born on refreshed Years Day in 1947 and grew up on his familys farm in rural Illinois. Having l take in the comfort of hard work from his parents, a farmer and a school teacher, he graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a Phi Beta Kappa and immediately enlisted in the Marine Reserves. He served for six years as a reservist while beginning his railcareer in finance at the Continental Illinois National Bank. He earned his MBA in 1973 while attending night classes and went to work for Bank Ohio.He moved to New island of jersey in 1975 with his wife when he went to work for the New York investment firm of Goldman Sachs where he was named partner in 1980 and chief operating officer in 1984(About the Governor, 2006). The couple had three children, but later divorced (Governors Information, 2006). His affair became a in the public eye(predicate) spectacle during his semipolitical career with his wife announcing that he may let down the declare of New Jersey in the same way he let down the family (Cilliza, 2005).However, this did not deter his political aspirations. Soon, Corzine entered the political spectrum. He made a push for the United States Senate and won the seat in 2000. Five years later, Corzine announced his intention of running for the New Jersey Governor. He focused on using his cognition and skills in finance to help the economy of the utter of New Jersey. As a Democrat, he urged the state to adopt a more progressive economic and social policy (Governors Information, 2006).He helped write the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which try to crack down on corporate wrongdoing. He also sponsored the Start Healthy, Stay Healthy Act, which worked to effect more health care coverage for children and pregnant women (Jon Corzine, 2008). His career was punctuated by his attempt to apply his melodic line expertise to politics. In 2005, Corzine announced his candidacy for the governorship of New Jersey and vowed to utilize his business acumen which had helped him acquire a multimillionaire on Wall Street in helping out the state.He built his causal agent around his comprehensive ethics proposal, revamping the states property tax system, building a stronger economy, and better education and healthcare(Governors Information, 2006) Using 43 million dollars of his own money on the campaign, he narrowly beat his Republican adversary and became the 54th governor of New Jersey in January of 2007 (Cilliza, 2005). Corzine was sworn in as New Jerseys 54th Governor on January 17, 2006.While in office, he worked hard to lay out the sales tax from 6% to 7% even though he had to shut down the concomitant elements of government in order to do it. In addition, he abolished the death penalty in the state of New Jersey, replacing it with life imprisonment. He suffered a critical injury in a car accident in 2007, but has made a recovery and continues to serve his term. About the Governor. (2006). State of New Jerse y Office of the Governor. Retrieved 31 March 2008 from http//www. state. nj. us/governor/about/ Cilliza, C. (2005). Corzine Defeats Forrester to Become N.J. Governor. The Washington Post. 8 November 2005 A1u8. Governors Information New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine. National Governors Association. Retrieved 31 March 2008 from http//www. nga. org/portal/site/nga/ menuitem. 29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/? vgnextoid=9db05 b07f60c8010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD Jon Corzine. Wikipedia. Received 31 March 2008 fromhttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Jon_CorzineSenate_career Corzine, who made a fortune on Wall Street and spent at least $43 million of it on this race, evidently did not win the vote of his ex-wife, Joanne Corzine.Her quote to a newspaper about how Corzine might let New Jersey down the same way he let his family down with an adulterous affair was featured in Forresters TV ads. With 95 percent of precincts counted, Corzine had 54 percent of the votes (1,120,272) to Forresters 43 perce nt (908,796). Corzine Defeats Forrester To Become N. J. Governor Bloomberg Wins tardily Texas Passes Gay-Marriage Ban By Chris Cillizza Special to The Washington Post Wednesday, November 9, 2005 Page A18

Personal Profile

I will be discussing the four travel that an organization should take to change its personnel profile. These steps include implementation appraisal, ply training and development, public life development, and termination. The first step I will be talking about is performance appraisal. This is usually an one-year event for every employee, and sometime contains quarterly and Simi-annual progress reports. Its useful to mangers and administrations because they are able to catch employee skills and productivity profiles.This helps supervisor and employees to get the highest performers in the main positions. For example, a supervisor would be able to expression at an employees work performed strengths, weakness, and level of performance though scoring systems, charting, and comparisons. The second step is staff training and development. This contains the options of in-service training provided by the agency, or out-services training workshops and institutes, which is earned through professional organizations and other groups.The tierce step is career development. This is set out to assist employees in achieving higher level responsibilities through on the job training and monitoring. This is done by a supervisor and employee coming together, and planning the employees absolutely and long term career goals. Fourth, is termination, and is to be used in extreme circumstances. If not done correctly, it basis become very costly for the agency. It is a time consuming process for the agency, and can be traumatic for both the employee and agency.Despite this unfortunate feeling it is important for an employer to remember that ignoring a poor performed employee can have a negative effect on how other staff member may view your judgment and authority. For example, employees might see that you are tolerating an employee who is not meeting par standards, and because of that might develop new minimum standards for performance that is incorrect. In conclusion, I believe that even though each of these steps serves a different import and purpose, they each contribute n some way to changing an organization personal profile.

Jeep Grand Cherokee Essay

Jeep empyreal Cherokee is an Ameri terminate car. This kind of cars is survivors favorite things in VALS types. Survivors live narrowly foc riding habitd lives. They are accustomed to use their familiar things, cant usurp new things quickly. Therefore Jeep brand which has more(prenominal) than than 70 years history and born for state of war can satisfy the sense of survivors security. At the same time, survivors are cautious customers. Just in time, the number philosophy of Jeep-safety, comfortable, power, meet their requirements. Jeep brand is their best choice. The price of brand new Jeep cat valium Cherokee starts from 39,895 dollars, this price level is medium-high.Its expensive, but the price is not higher than Mercedes-Benz SUVs and BMW X5. For this reason Jeep Grand Cherokee is not a rich status symbol. However Jeep Grand Cherokee absolutely present a kind of personal character, its a symbol of recalcitrant man. SUVs are trendy because of better vision, more capacious s pace. On this basis, Jeep Grand Cherokee obtain better fuel economy by victimisation new V6 engine. Increased back space make it more suitable for family, through the change of intragroup atmosphere let Jeep Grand Cherokee has become home up.Still powerful cross-country cognitive process and improve highway playability let it drive up full of fun. Grand Cherokee try to attract more people to choose as family car. Hence, if you want to have fun with family in weekend, you cant run this car.Jeep Grand Cherokee is not offbeat no matter on speed or safety, but it can find balance in both. Jeep Grand Cherokee is a domestic car. Its more distract survivors who like familiar brand and proud of owning American car even products.2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee use headline for Youll need to find a different excuse for being late to work. This headline very attract office worker. This press Jeep Grand Cherokee is comfortable and has fun to drive. Comfortable is the other close to important re ason for choose American car. Grand Cherokee shows this characteristics of the incisively and vividly. The seat not only light and comfortable, and let any shape people drive this big car can find the roughly suitable for their own driving posture. Jeep own a pure cross-country blood, this SUV retains its essence and sharpen the characteristics of adapting road.This advertising didnt use celebrity charm and use model. Its just a conniption about Grand Cherokee run in snow. This picture foil masculine, at the same time concur subtitle When you enhance the legendary Jeep brand capability with a Selec-Terrain system, snow doesnt sales booth a chance. This advertising posted on Reader magazines whose readers have own-opinion.Overall this advertising conveys adventure activated approach and express its comfortable and has fun with driving. Its impressive and attractive advertising.

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart - Essay ExampleFor humongous institution, the focu i uually on improving the maintenance activitie uch that minimum amount of fund are expended (Anily et al., 1999 Alfare, 1999 Burke and mith, 1999a, b).The high up cot of breakdown maintenance could be unbearable uch that the need for preventive maintenance become obviou. The afety of equipment and employee i improved by preventive maintenance ervice. Thi ha ignificant impact on the production proce. Reaching maximum plant availability through minimal delay and breakdown and optimum equipment working condition degrade or eliminate the need for ubcontracting ome apect of the job (Chen and Liao, 2005 Cheung et al., 2005). Thi ha a reducing effect on the uually large(p) maintenance budget of many organization. Maintenance cheduling i uually baed on preventive maintenance activitie (Oke, 2004). In an organization where a large number of equipment are operated, preventive maintenance cheduling offer a mean of achieving continuou indutrial consummation without which ytem utenance would be extremely difficult. ince the cot of implementing preventive maintenance cheduling i more economical than that of replacing humbled down equipment, in the long term, it i more economical to implement thi maintenance option.ound maintenance cheduling i indipenable for high maintenance performance, which in turn facilitate the production proce to yield maximum output. Thi i reach when preventive maintenance upport continuou improvement programme. Effective maintenance cheduling require pecific time and labour allocation, knowledge of equipment hitory, peel off availability, knowledge of work and facility priority rating, job pecification, etc.Maintenance cheduling promote effective custom of both maintenance and production team, notably through minimizing idle time, breakdown and delay (Zhou et al., 2004 Gharbi and Kenne, 2005 Kim et al., 2005). For many year, extenive cientific software documenta tion ha been made on cheduling both maintenance and outgrowthal activitie for profit (Yamayee et al., 1998). Recently, the focu of reearcher ha hifted from near optimal olution to the development of optimal olution approache. Thu, the recent work of Charle-Owaba (2002) i important in thi repect. The problem olved i the imultaneou cheduling of reource-contrained operation and maintenance (ee alo Oke and Charle-Owaba, 2005, 2006a, b). The current tudy i an extenion of the novel work of Charle-Owaba (2002).The remaining part of the paper i organized a follow the next ection dicue the mystify formulation. Under thi ection, the notation ued in the model are dicued. In addition, the model aumption relevant to ea veel maintenance and operational activitie are explained. In thi ection, the algorithm governing the original model developed by Charle-Owaba (2002) i preented with detailed tep explained for it practical application. till in thi ection, the model framework i preented with math ematical equation upporting the original tructure preented by Charle-Owaba with ome extenion of the idea. Thee tep are preented in a logical manner peruaive plentiful for the reader to follow. In particular, the three-dimenional wave equation methodology i adopted. ection three dicue the cae tudy of a hipping company. Thi ection conider apect, which include the cae decription, ome changeable affecting cot of hip maintenance and their mathematical repreentation,