Essay about Dbq 1 - 921 Words

It was inevitable and unavoidable that violence and dispossession were outcomes of the centuries-long confirmation of Native Americans with European settlers and their American descendants. European settlers were relentless whenever they were introduced to things that were appealing to their eye. If they wanted it, then they would go get it due to the superior mindset of the Europeans. European settlers first came to the New World for multiple reasons. It started with Christopher Columbus wanting to find a shorter and quicker route to the East. Failing to do so, he made the New World’s existence known to the Old World. It wasn’t just the Europeans who decided to come to the New World. The Spanish government was informed of the New World†¦show more content†¦He understood that Europeans and Natives both have cultural differences. One thing that seems very taboo to the Europeans may be very common for the Natives. The differences in cultures affect our mindset an d perspective on how we see things. Franklin understood that they had a different way of living life. (Doc 3) Shawnee leader, Tecumseh, was not a happy Native. He blamed the greed and oppression of the Europeans for the destruction of the Native American cultures. The Europeans greed led them to strip the land from the Natives, and try in forcing their religion upon the Natives. Tecumseh believed that the land was for all. There was nothing about selling, taking, and giving the land away. The Europeans just did not have that mindset at all. Red Jacket was a Seneca leader. He was very discouraged of the fact that they took the land of the Natives, but even more because they wanted to force their religion upon the Native Americans. The Europeans were ruthless when it came to this. They did not think about their feelings and the actions that could hurt the Natives. (Doc 4, 5, 6) In the 1800’s, U.S. Secretary of War amp; U.S. Secretary of Interior were both not very kind to the N atives. John C. Calhoun was U.S. Secretary in 1820 at the time. He believed that Native Americans had no right of ruling themselves. He believed that they were uncivilized and that they had no right of even being knownShow MoreRelatedap dbq 11003 Words   |  5 Pages14th, 2014 Graded Assignment Document-Based Question: Religious Views on War Complete and submit this assignment by the due date to receive full credit. (45 points) 1. To complete this Graded Assignment, retrieve the Religious Views on War DBQ. Use this document with its essay instructions and the DBQ Checklist to complete this DBQ essay. Please consult the rubric throughout the process. Using the documents, compare the views of major world religions on war. What additional kind of document(s)Read MoreDbq Essay 14488 Words   |  18 Pagesremains essentially the same: to ensure the wise use and management of renewable resources. Given the right circumstances, the living organisms that we call renewable resources can replenish themselves indefinitely. Click here to study this again.[-1] Question: There are four standard rifle shooting positions. Which position is best for learning the fundamentals of shooting? a. standing b. prone c. kneeling d. sitting Your answer: c Correct answer: b Explanation: The prone position is theRead MoreUnit 1 Dbq Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesAP U.S. History Unit I DBQ Essay They sailed over from England, all seeking glorified opportunities. These English colonists sought out an opportunity when boarding ships and leaving the Old World to travel to the exciting unknown; but each person had their own unique desire. These unique desires led to the many diverse societies that spread all throughout the eastern sea board of the New World by the 1700’s. Religious tolerance, organization in government, and economic stability were all contributingRead MoreAp Us History Unit 1 Dbq999 Words   |  4 PagesIn the years leading up to the American revolution it was evident that a new identity was developing for colonist. Stemming from the Seven Year’s colonists were slowly discovering a new way of viewing the mother country and themselves. By the eve of the American revolution most colonist had adopted the identity of British citizens fighting to protect their liberties. A strong bond of unity can be seen from colonists’ shared opinions and agr eed course of action, while a large loyalist population supportsRead MoreAlison Brady. Period 5. December 4, 2012. Dbq #1. Slavery1637 Words   |  7 PagesAlison Brady Period 5 December 4, 2012 DBQ #1 Slavery was the main cause of the breakup of the Union and influenced other factors, such as territorial expansion, industrialization and economic tensions, and political alignments. Combined, all of these conflicts, with slavery at the root, led to the conflicts in the nation that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery caused conflict regarding new territories, economic stratification, and political turmoil. All of these tensions served to divideRead MoreDBQ #1 : Political, Social and Economic effects of the American Revolution2546 Words   |  11 Pagesthe monarchy and the power of it back in England. As a whole America experienced major changes fundamentally in certain aspects and minor changes in other aspects. W O R K S C I T E D : Unknown. Document Information Inferences - DBQ 2005. Ravescroft.org. N.p., 2005. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Unknown. True Womanhood. True Womanhood. CSI Library, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Read MoreFederal Government of the United States and Territorial Expansion1101 Words   |  5 Pages2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? (Form B) 1. The issue of territorial expansion sparked considerable debate in the period 1800–1855. Analyze this debate and evaluate the influence of both supporters and opponents of territorial expansion in shaping federal government policy. 2009 DBQ: (Form A) From 1775 to 1830, many African AmericansRead MoreRemoval of Indian Tribes in 17001389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe authority â€Å"to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States, west of the Mississippi River, not including in any state or organized territory, and to which the Indian title has been extinguished, as he may judge necessary †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (DBQ Doc 1) Greed and hatred for the Indians was the reason for them be stripped of their land. The Indians were upset and fearful that they would lose all their land. They didn’t believe any treaties or deals made by the white man would be followed throughRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the comingRead MoreThe Middle Ages : A Holy War Or Crusade Against Muslim Turks1357 Words   |  6 PagesEast are in Urgent need of your help†¦ For, as most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania,† the Pope is calling for the followers of the church to unite and fight against a common enemy (DBQ 1-13). The people in turn, joined forces and fought in Holy war or the first Crusade. This crusade also unified the Byzantine empire under the control of the Pope (Class Notes). The Byzantines were being threatened by invasion from the Turks. So because

Essay on Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) - 1308 Words

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) can be described as an extreme, persistent fear of being scrutinized or judged by others in social situations. This fear may lead to feelings of embarrassment, humiliation and self-consciousness. People who suffer from this condition may â€Å"feel powerless against their anxiety† (ADAA). These emotions often interfere with daily activities, such as school, work and personal relationships. The person might begin to withdraw socially or avoid situations in which he or she is afraid. Millions of Americans endure this devastating condition every day of their lives. There are several causes, symptoms and treatments. Statistics show a significant rise in people being diagnosed with social anxiety disorder†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the 2011 Mayo Clinic article states that certain factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder. These include â€Å"negative experiences in childhood, such as teasing, bu llying, rejection, ridicule of humiliation.† This article also states that specific events in adulthood can trigger social anxiety disorder symptoms for the first time. Some triggers include â€Å"meeting new people, giving a speech in public, and witnessing the anxiety of other people.† In addition, having a health condition like â€Å"facial disfigurement, stuttering, Parkinson’s disease and other health conditions† may also trigger feelings of self-consciousness. For instance, most people have felt shy or insecure on occasion, however, it does not interfere with their daily routines. On the other hand, people suffering from social anxiety disorder experience severe emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms. These symptoms hinder the person from functioning normally on a daily basis (Smith/Jaffe-Gill, 2014). Emotionally, the person fears being criticized and judged by others in everyday social situations. He or she is scared that they might embarrass or humiliate themselves. Frequently, when speaking in public, a person with social anxiety disorder might think, â€Å"Was that a yawn? She thinks I’m boring!† (Stein, 2007). These negative thoughts lead to serious physical symptoms, such as shortness of breath,Show MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad ) Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the third largest mental health problem in the world. The latest government data shows that social anxiety disorders affect about 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (the chances of developing a social anxiety disorder at any time during their lifespan) stands slightly above 13% (Richards Ph.D., Psychologist, 2016). Social Anxiety is not shyness; it is a real disorder that involves interaction with others. It is a fear of being judgedRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1901 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is defined as a chronic and often disabling condition that is associated with uncontrollable worry and tension with symptoms that include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance. People with social anxiety disorder also experience an intense, persistent fear of drawing attention to themselves in social situations, believing that their flaws will be exposed and that they will be negatively evaluated and rejected. It’s a terrible andRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1714 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the DSM 5, social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a chronic and persistent disorder characterized by an intense fear of social situations. Those with SAD often fear that other will judge them for negative traits or evaluate them harshly, preventing them from engaging in social behaviors. This fear may seem disproportionate to the situation faced and sociocultural context involved, but is salient enough to be debilitating and effect daily functioning. ). Many of the afflicted inhibit theirRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay735 Words   |  3 Pages Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia) is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. Latest government epidemiological data show social phobia affects over 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (i.e., the chances of developing social anxiety disorder at any time during the lifespan) stands at above 13%. Definition: Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. Put anotherRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1173 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorders is defined as a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others (Cuncic). People who do not believe in this disorder think that it’s just shyness that is being pathologized (Cuncic). Just because you may be a little shy or a bit nervous on occasion doesnt mean that you have this condition. Social Anxiety Disorders are psychological problemsRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social Anxiety Disorder or social phobia, is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. (Stein, 2010) National statistical surveys carried out in 2002 in the United Kingdom suggest that the prevalence rates for social phobias among young people in the UK were around 4%. (National Statistics, 2002) ‘Social phobia is characterised by intense and persistent fear of social situations in which scrutiny and embarrassment could occur’. (Orsillo Hammond 2001, p.159)Read MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1238 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder Affecting One’s Life Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is the most common mental illness in the United States. About 40 million people suffer from this mental disorder. Many tend to confuse this disorder with shyness and nervousness, which are not considered a part of the phobia. Having a SAD can interfere with one’s daily life cycle. People who have SAD often starts to develop this illness during their childhood and adolescence years. Patients areRead MoreHow I Overcame Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay example1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof a panic disorder and those of an anxiety disorder. With each question I gave a nod in response, not a â€Å"yes†, not even a â€Å"yeah†, just a nod.â€Å"Have you ever experienced a rapid heartbeat, faintness of breath associated with these experiences?† I nodded. â€Å"Have you ever experienced sweating, numbness, shaking in this context† she asked. I nodded. A few minutes later, several question and se veral nods had brought her to a conclusion. I had a panic and anxiety disorder in relation to social stimuli whichRead MoreMananaging Social Anxiety Disorder1491 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involvesRead MoreLiterature Review : Social Anxiety Disorder1149 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSITY MELBOURNE Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Unit Title: Research Methods in Counselling Unit Code: APT 6006 Unit Teacher: Renzo Vittorino Student Name: Mirza Khushnood Ayub Student ID: s4530334 05/10/2015 â€Æ' This literature review is conducted to explore the social anxiety disorder, its Etiology, prevalence and finally putting focus on the need of a special treatment for adolescent with social anxiety disorder. Anxiety problems are the most common and widespread

Introduction to Contract and Procurement for SAP-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Contract and Procurement for SAP. Answer: Sometimes vendors need further management and negotiations where they could have required much attention to achieve set goals for the case study. As per the government of Australia, the State Procurement Board is the first principle in Government and the management is almost clearing the successful guaranty of the procurement where the outcomes are great through the process of appropriate governance. Also, the regular documentation which includes capable persons who will enhance successful procurement through the procurement which is the success It is found by the individual consultant in the review of the case study of new Royal Adelaide that the procurement of clinical equipment which is not lined up to Strategic Acquisition Hospital (SAP) and its managed inadequately ( Neu, Everett Rahaman, 2015). The report which is provided to state procurement board is always not brief to monitoring procurement in SAP. The project of procurement is mostly divided into two phases. The contractor who has completed a certain scope is found effective as per procurement if it is managed in the right manner. There are key areas in procurement accountability. The procurement strategies ensure that there is a successful internal environment that is in the manufacturing sector to ensure that there is transparency and it mainly helps in ensuring that everything is successful by use of the resources which are involved in procuring (Sikka Lehman 2015). The regular and qualitative documentation which follows the procurement arrangements may include the probity, project timeliness, procurement budget and also the procurement strategy which has guaranty regarding scope, timing cost and avoiding delays and risks. References Neu, D., Everett, J., Rahaman, A. S. (2015). Preventing corruption within government procurement: Constructing the disciplined and ethical subject.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,28, 49-61. Sikka, P., Lehman, G. (2015). The supply-side of corruption and limits to preventing corruption within government procurement and constructing ethical subjects.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,28, 62-70.

Superfund Issue Essays (1114 words) - Hazardous Waste,

Superfund Issue Overview/Analysis of Superfund Overview There have been few environmental problems that have posed the same level of concern as that of the hazardous waste issue. Similarly, few environmental laws have caused the level of frustration as that felt towards Superfund, the main legislative tool that was designed to address the public fears in regards to hazardous waste. Superfund is a law that was passed in 1980. It is formally known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA. It established a special fund called the Superfund Trust Fund as a pot of money, 1.6 billion over 5 years, which was originally planned to finance the clean up of some 400 sites. Today, Superfund has grown into one of the nations largest environmental projects with over 30 billion being spent on over 1200 sites. The EPA, with the aid of state and tribal governments, is the agency charged with implementing and enforcing the Superfund Program. Since the Superfund was designed to be used for abandoned sites where the responsible parties are unknown or bankrupt, the EPA makes every effort to identify the parties responsible for the contamination so they can be held liable for the costs of the cleanup. Superfund sites are discovered by local and state agencies performing inspections, businesses, the EPA, the Coast Guard or anybody else who takes the initiative to report a potentially hazardous waste site to the National Hotline Number. When sites are identified the EPA must decide if it requires an emergency response, an early action, or a long-term action. EPA Overview/Analysis of Superfund uses a scorecard method called the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to determine the level of danger in a hazardous waste site. If the site requires immediate action to eliminate serious risk to human health or the environment, it will be dealt with as an emergency response. If a site poses a threat in the near future, an early action will be enacted to contain the risk. Typically, Early Action goals are to; prevent direct human contact with contaminants from the site; remove hazardous materials from the site; prevent contaminants from spreading off the site; provide water to residents whose drinking water has been contaminated by the site; or temporarily or permanently evacuate and, if necessary, relocate nearby residents. Early actions can last from a few days up to 5 years. If a site has been polluted for many years, it may take a few years to decades to cleanup. For sites such as these, Long-Term Actions are taken which include restoring ground water and taking measures to protect wetlands, estuaries, and other ecological resources. The people responsible for contamination areas are referred to as Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). The EPA has many ways of identifying PRPs. EPA investigators review site files kept by Federal, state and local agencies, review land deeds and titles at the local courthouse, look for names on drums or other hazardous materials at the site, and interview employees, former employees or neighbors of the site. When a responsible party is found, they can be used to find other responsible parties. Once the parties are identified, the EPA generates information request letters to get further information concerning the PRPs ability to pay for the cleanup action. Overview/Analysis of Superfund Analysis The Superfund program is without question a necessity that, even if having met none of its intended goals, has managed to enhance the awareness of the responsible parties of hazardous waste sites. For that alone it as been of great value in reducing the occurrence of hazardous waste sites which would have previously developed as a result of environmental ignorance But, as an effective tool for cleanup, it's not as successful as had been hoped. The two major complaints of Superfund are the enormous costs and the long delays in processing a site for cleanup. As of 1996, only about 200 of the 1200 sites listed on the National Priority List had been completely cleaned up and with a cost average of $30 million and 12 years per site. One of the chief reasons for Superfund's exploding costs is the free-for-all pursuit of responsible parties allowed by the act. Superfund calls for retroactive liability, meaning that corporate practices that might have been perfectly legal, fully permitted and safe

Sources of Digital Forensic Data

Abstract Sources of data for digital forensics include storage media, file systems, and network equipment, among others. The data sources differ according to cases. Investigators can focus on account audits, live data systems, and intrusion detection systems to understand usage and trace intruders, until identification occurs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sources of Digital Forensic Data specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Internet service provider (ISP) records, virtual machines, and network drives are also sources of data for digital forensics. This paper discusses the primary sources of digital forensic data for handling network intrusions and malware installations, as well as instances of insider file deletion. It discusses the merits and demerits of each source, and then decides the best way for investigators to conduct investigations and deliver court-admissible evidence. Introduction Digital foren sics deals with the identification, extraction, analysis, and presentation of digital evidence present in digital devices. Appropriate tools and techniques must be used to succeed in digital forensics operations. Forensic investigations begin with data collection. They then examine the collected data, analyze it, and report it to the relevant offices. In the first step, the investigator deals with the media that hosts the data. In the second step, examination happens to the data itself, which yields information that becomes usable for the analysis part. Finally, the investigators come up with a report that serves as evidence. The above template on digital forensics is used in this paper to evaluate four primary sources of data that would be useful for digital forensics in network intrusion, malware installation, and insider file deletion. The paper discusses the basic elements of each type of compromise, before considering its four primary sources of data that an investigator would find appropriate for presenting evidence.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Network Intrusion Network intrusion happens when unauthorized persons can communicate over a network and receive feedback in the form of data that is usable. The unwanted communication can lead to loss of sensitive information from organizations or individuals. Intruders can steal, delete, or alter formation to affect its integrity. They can issue instructions for hardware or software to operate abnormally. At the same time, network intruders may only view information and then use it as part of their strategy to attack an individual or an organization in other ways, such as blackmail. Sources of data for network intrusion, according to priority The primary sources of data for network intrusion forensics investigation are the intrusion detection system, account auditing, live system data, and ISP records. Intrusion detection systems In the first case, network administrators reconfigure intrusion detection systems specifically to monitor network vulnerabilities. The area of focus depends on prior exposures of the network to intruders. With the dedicated monitoring, it is possible to collect adequate information about an intrusion without crippling other functionalities of the network. Thus, the attacker will be unaware of the tracking system and will intrude into the primary system to carry out a given digital crime. The intrusion detection system can be automatic. Here, it will respond to any abnormality in network traffic by alerting administrators and increasing surveillance of a potential attack. Such a system relies on signature matching. It actively searches the network connection and activities of users or devices on the network to identify abnormalities and provide an alert whenever an incident matches the rules of an attack.Advertising We will write a custo m research paper sample on Sources of Digital Forensic Data specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Skilled attackers can fool the system with fake signatures to cause a false alarm and distract the network surveillance officers. The only way to cope with intruders using the method is by ensuring that it has the latest software and hardware updates. Account audits Account auditing comes in handy when administrators want to detect an intrusion after it has happened. The post-detection capabilities make the method preferable for presentation of network intrusion evidence. It works through the delivery of information that allows investigators to preserve evidence, reconstruct the crime, and trail an intruder. At the same time, account auditing ensures that there is a match between intruders’ profiles and then register unauthorized usage attempts on the network. All networks should have asset control mechanisms that combine technical and administrative controls. They ensure that access is monitored through identification and authentication of users. Given that the security of the network depends on different nodes, focus on auditing should also be on all the nodes to maintain integrity. Network resources must require users to use strong authentication to deter opportunistic intruders and to make evidence of an actual intrusion to stand out. Live system data Live system data provides logs that investigators use to create a map of an intruder’s activities on their network. They may then use the time-stamped map to corroborate other evidence about an intrusion. For example, a sniffer log can offer records of backdoor intrusions and attempts to force passwords to access administrator privileges in a number of computers connected to the network.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With live system data, the aim of the investigator is to capture information concerning volatile data that may disappear when a device powers off or it is disconnected from the network. Investigators use specialized tools that automate the process to achieve their objective. However, when logging of access and monitoring of users on computers does not accompany accurate identification of sources of the logs, then evidence captured as live system’s data may end up being invalid in court because it cannot attribute a given action to a person purported to have intruded on the network with accuracy. Records from ISP When investigators exhaust the data sources within the organization, such as the three identified above, they can move on to seek assistance from service providers. Many ISPs monitor network usage to enforce fair usage policies and to increase compliance with security protocols. Therefore, ISPs can avail names, emails, mailing addresses, and specific usage records, su ch as the identification of devices that connect to their networks. An important challenge that investigators may face when seeking to collect data from ISPs is the need for a subpoena. At the same time, the information captured by ISPs may be in a format that is only used by the organization. This would introduce new interpretation barriers when the information is presented as evidence in court. Moreover, some details may be lost during interpretation. Malware Installation Malware can emerge from a number of sources and cause damage to computer systems. Detection relies on the identification of the point of installation to the computer system before the malware makes changes (Aquilina Malin, 2010). With different types of malware, investigators need to be aware of the installation options that hackers and other intruders can use to fix malware and prevent detection by the computer system or its user. The use of anti-virus programs can help to detect potential intrusion and remove malware from an infected system. The anti-malware program will vary according to the capabilities of taking out rootkits, spyware, worms, and viruses, which are all categories of malware. For malware installation, evidence can come from live system data, intrusion detection systems, virtual machines, and infected, corrupt files (Aquilina Malin, 2010). Sources of data for malware installation according to priority Live system data The live system data is helpful when an investigator wants to tell when malware was installed on a computer. The investigator will look at all the traffic that is coming into and leaving the computer and then deduce whether it is normal or abnormal, according to previous user statistics under the same circumstances (Brand, Valli, Woodward, 2010). Investigators may use the various vulnerability access tools to detect abnormal network traffic. Standard tools include Nmap, which is a network mapping tool that helps one discover connections that a computer is making to a network (Aquilina Malin, 2010). For detailed reviews, commercial software comes handy because it is specially made to provide reports on the status of network routing tables, system drivers, and running processes on a computer. One challenge facing live system data usage is the fact that malware evolves in its design and installation methods. Therefore, investigators must be keen on following clues presented by the data, even if they do not make sense at the initial look. Intrusion detection system A second source of data is an intrusion detection system installed on computers. A good example is an anti-malware program or a firewall that monitors computer activities of users and programs. It keeps logs and shares them with databases filled with information about possible intrusion pathways. When an action or request violates the system’s policy, the user or the system administrator flags it for further review. At the same time, the administrator could make expli cit instructions for the intrusion detection system to follow when dealing with actual malware installation incidences. The data captured by the system, which can include the identity of malware and origin, is then presented as evidence. It can help to exonerate computer users from accusations of malice (Maras, 2014). Virtual machines Virtual machines serve as forensic data sources when there is a need to show that a computer has been compromised, or to trap a malware and study its behavior. Virtual machines operate like ordinary computers, but they have limitations on file access and can be installed or uninstalled with ease, without affecting current computer usage capabilities. When investigators are interested in behavioral malware analysis, they opt for virtual machine setups that may utilize different platforms and offer customized environments without requiring the investigator to acquire actual computers (Nelson, Phillips, Steuart, 2010). During the observation process, inv estigators can use ordinary forms of collecting evidence on computers such as logging and taking screenshots that will aid in further interpretation of outcomes and help to explain malware actions when presenting evidence. Although virtual machines are handy at collecting data, they may show signs to malware programs such that the malware stops behaving as it would in an actual computer environment. This limitation prevents investigators from finding out the real extent of exploits that malware installations pose. Compromised or infected files Another source of data for reporting malware installation is the compromised files that exist on the computer. Infected files do not behave like normal files, and they may consist of data that is corrupted. Investigators will use the patterns of data corruption to identify a given malware type. However, the method is not very reliable because most data collected this way is volatile and can change when transferred to other systems. Presenting evidence in such cases may require investigators to provide the entire computer system to maintain the integrity of proof, rather than copying data and move it to other systems using portable drives (Nelson, Phillips, Steuart, 2010). Insider File Deletion Some network or database intrusions are due to insiders and detection is usually hard because insiders are already aware of the various security measures implemented by an organization to fight unauthorized access (Schwartz, 2011). Sources of data for insider file deletion according to priority Live system data The first and most appropriate way to get evidence for insider file deletion is by using live system data. There is evidence left behind when there is an intrusion into a computer system, in what experts equate to broken windows in physical break-ins. The broken window principle applies to file systems, where investigators evaluate file-access patterns on the victim’s computers. It is a fact that computer users will use a given set of files frequently and leave others untouched. Therefore, detectors can just analyze usage patterns and check for anomalies. For example, when insiders are deleting files, they are likely to remove a whole set of files to ensure that their target data is destroyed. Meanwhile, user authorized deletion will mostly only cover a particular range of files or a single file at a time. Investigators use probability and statistics to reconstruct timelines of computer usage to understand people’s actual behavior. Thus, an examiner will look at the directories and the subdirectories and note their time-date stamps of access to form a continuous outlook of a user authorized and unauthorized access. The evidence presented by the timeline analysis can then serve to identify unwanted deletion, because it only relies on logs, such MAC timestamps that record recent file modification and not particular device identities (Grier, 2011). Hard drives Another source of information is hard drives, where investigators are interested in non-volatile system data. The first step is to come up with an exact copy of a hard drive picked from a computer or networks that had the insider file deletion. Without making a copy of the hard disk, the investigator may end up interfering with the only source of evidence and make it invalid. At the same time, the collection of information from hard drives will only be possible when the information in question is non-volatile. Third-party applications are capable of reconstructing master file tables on the hard disk to make it possible to recover deleted files. The option is only available when the old file is not overwritten entirely by a new file. However, it is easy to infringe the technology; a smart computer user may use sophisticated software to delete files and its evidence by overwriting data immediately after the initial deletion. Network drives In addition to the computer hard drives, investigators may use network driv es as additional sources of evidence. Network drives allow users to access the same files simultaneously and share the same files. Some network drives may contain copies of files that are located on all the computers connected to a network. In such situations, the investigator will verify the integrity of a folder on a user’s computer by checking whether it corresponds to the folder stored on the network drive. In other cases, network drives have unique information logs that are stored as non-volatile data for every computer connected to the network. This can be another source of digital evidence. Most importantly, investigators can use file recovery tools to reconstruct the pathways and find deleted files. However, the same shortcomings highlighted when discussing hard drives will be present when analyzing network drives. In many cases, the hardware is the same; it is only the deployment architecture that differs between the two. Additionally, the same principles applied to the network or computer hard drives would apply to any storage media installed in systems or used as a periphery device. First, the media has to be cloned to avoid tampering with evidence, which would make it unusable (Al-Hajri Williams, 2007). Audit records Audit records offer a fourth source of data for insider file deletion. The records are created by operating systems installed in computers. An administrator with enough privileges sets up the audit component in the operating system and then safeguards it against manipulation by non-authorized users. Together with audits, it is possible to monitor user physical activities on computers, such as keystroke and video surveillance. The collected information will show the identity of the user and the particular activity that was going on at the time of data deletion. Unfortunately, the use of auditing and physical monitoring is only effective when the subjects are subordinate staffs. Managers in organizations may have privileges that allow them to shut down the audit and surveillance systems when they want to delete files. However, even in such cases, the loss of evidence in this way will offer investigators new evidence to show that administrators were involved in data deletion. One of the shortcomings in physical monitoring is that it may be a violation of personal privacy, thereby causing the evidence collected to be useless in court (Capshaw, 2011). Conclusion The integrity of the data collected by investigators relies on the procedure used to extract data from the sources identified in this paper. Investigators should evaluate the likely value of data and then use the evaluation to determine the right procedure for collection. Another important consideration is the volatility of the data, which relates to whether data would be lost when a live system powers down. In such cases, the priority would be to acquire the volatile data before it disappears and then move on to handle non-volatile data. In many insta nces, digital forensics requires multiple evidence sources to incriminate a person. The use of multiple data sources and procedures helps the investigator to reach the goal of getting tangible evidence. However, different sources, such as accounting audit, live system data, intrusion detection systems, and computer storage media pose varied hardships for the investigator when collecting data. Dealing with an ISP may involve a legal process that takes time and effort, yet getting logs from a computer or network router would be easier. While collecting data from various sources, investigators must be aware of the ability of intruders or insider wrong doers to cover their tracks. For example, intruders using malware installations may program the malware to interfere with logging parameters on an infected computer, thereby compromising data that investigators would collect from the infected computer. Therefore, it is important for forensic investigators to verify the integrity of the da ta they collect. References Al-Hajri, H., Williams, P. (2007). The effectiveness of investigative tools for secure digital (SD) memory card forensics. 5th Australian Digital Forensics Conference. Perth: Edith Cowan University – Research Online. Aquilina, J. M., Malin, C. H. (2010). Malware forensic field guide for windows systems, digital forensics field guides. New York, NY: Syngress. Brand, M., Valli, C., Woodward, A. (2010). Malware forensics: Discovery of the intent of deception. Proceedings of 8th Australian digital forensics conference, (pp. 1-5). Perth. Capshaw, J. (2011, April 1). Computer forensics: Why your erased data is at risk. Web. Grier, J. (2011). Detecting data theft using stochastic forensics. Digital Investigation, 8, s71-s77. Maras, M.-H. (2014). Computer forensics cyber criminals, laws and evidence. Burlington, MA: Jons Barlett. Nelson, B., Phillips, A., Steuart, C. (2010). Computer forensics and investigations (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning . Schwartz, M. J. (2011, December 13). How digital forensics detects insider theft. Web. This research paper on Sources of Digital Forensic Data was written and submitted by user Jaxon E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cooperative Learning Models

Cooperative Learning Models Introduction Despite the numerous learning strategies adopted in schools, cooperative learning has been identified as the most efficient. This strategy of instruction and learning has been adequately adopted in many academic institution as well as corporate institutions for educating people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advantages of this learning process are extensive. It has been observed that cooperative learning gives students the opportunity to acquire academic, social and cognitive skills in an efficient and effective manner. Cooperative learning has been identified to be highly advantageous in the sense that it helps students to solve problems together as well as solution to conflicting ideas. Individual weaknesses and difference in learning process can be adequately countered through the adoption of cooperative learning thus making it an effi cient learning strategy. There are various cooperative learning models which can be efficiently adopted by the teacher for instruction. Some of the main cooperative learning models include; the Graffiti model, the jigsaw model, the academic controversy model and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model. Despite the numerous efficiencies of each of the cooperative learning models, each is endowed with varied characteristics. This essay will compare and contrast the above highlighted cooperative learning models. The four cooperative learning models including the; Graffiti model, the academic controversy model, the jigsaw model, and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model have a high sense of commonness. An analysis of the four models of cooperative learning indicates that each of the models is aimed at ensuring integration of students’ ideas in the classroom. The concept of working together as a group in the classroom is explicitly demonstrated by each of the model. This aspect depicts the similarities of the models in enhancing supportive cooperative learning. In the case of graffiti model, students are offered a chance to work in groups on previously identified topics and questions. This helps students to share individual and group knowledge on the topic. This scenario is also depicted in the jigsaw model whereby students are divided into groups and each member assigned with some piece of information. This individual information is integrated together with those of other members thus making it possible to realise the class objectives collectively. In the case of academic controversy model, students are offered adequate freedom to express their understanding on a certain topic.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This creates an open forum for debate, discussion and conflict of ideas thus leading to sharing of information. On t he other hand, the student teams-achievement division (STaD) model also replicates the other models in the sense that it is based on team learning. Students are in this case divided in teams of about five and assigned with specific topics for discussion after which they present to the whole class. On the contrary, the various cooperative learning models have demonstrated significant differences. This is based on the nature of the teams adopted in instruction as well as distribution of materials or information to be discussed. In the graffiti model, students are required to discuss in groups previously identified topics. Each group is supposed to make summaries on all class’s responses. A special aspect of this model is that it ensures face-to-face interactions and positive interdependence among the students. This is in contrast to jigsaw model whereby students are offered with different materials to discuss and share with their colleagues. Academic controversy model on the ot her hand entails open discussion among students, whereby they share their knowledge and experiences on a certain question or topic. In the case of student teams-academic division (STaD) model, students study in groups. These are heterogeneous and representative groups of the entire class. After the group discussions, the information or results of each groups is discussed to the whole class. Conclusion In summation, it has been clearly evident that cooperative learning is one of the most effective learning strategies. This form of learning ensures smooth integration of student’s knowledge in the classroom. Student gain a lot of experience and knowledge on social, cognitive and academic skills. The concept of group work is embraced in cooperative learning whereby students are able to solve problems together. The different cooperative learning models have demonstrated a high sense of similarities in terms of group discussion and collaborative learning. On the contrary, the mode of execution of each model is different this making each model to be distinct.

The Occupational Options that Working-Class Women Had in Canada, Term Paper

The Occupational Options that Working-Class Women Had in Canada, 1880-1920s - Term Paper Example Positive changes were expected in the work conditions of women by offering them jobs in such occupations that were considered a male forte earlier. Latest literature on the 1920s indicates that women were not made a part and were not awarded jobs to be benefitted from restructured and modern capitalist practices. Work practices remained partial and discriminatory for women as usual; only types of inequalities in work got changed (Strong-Boag 131). The only blurring line in failures on the part of the government and capitalist economy is not discriminating against women was regarding such professions as women doctors and lawyers, which was a very small chunk; rest of the women faced the same fate of getting employment in non-professional occupations. Career choices for women were limited to blue collar and white collar jobs. Blue collar jobs were related to personal services and manufacturing while the white collar jobs came from the sophisticated industrial state in the logistics and communication, business and finance and clerical areas where a good number of women employees could be seen off late only. There was no scope for equal opportunities in jobs in both types as was expected by the women after the end of the First World War. Women in blue collar jobs were comparatively more exploited than their counterparts in white collar jobs. They also raised their voice against discrimination at the workplace (Strong-Boag 132). One of the occupations considered suitable for women was textile industry wherein the traditional manufacturing processes were suitable for the â€Å"family† including besides the male head of the family, the wife, and the children as working in a factory. Women got their first jobs nearer their homes and familiar surrounding. It was a practice in the 1920s to offer the guide to women on such vocations by the schools, media, and employment exchanges, supporting informal traditional work setting as preferable job options. Speedier mode rnization of the Canadian economy during 1880-1920s changed the earlier informal process of taking jobs in traditional â€Å"family† settings to the formal way of recruiting by following selection criteria.  

Intertextuality and Interpretation of Meaning Essay

Intertextuality and Interpretation of Meaning - Essay Example Linguistic and Literary Issue 2: Cultural intertextuality specifies that "a literary discourse is only approachable as a segment or concatenation of discursive segments within a network of inter-articulated discourses, and one finds Anthony's "They better don't stop the Carnival" as an apparent illustration of cultural intertextuality in literary discourse. (Lucy and Niall, 337) Linguistic and Literary Issue 3: Literary intertextuality, which is analysable within cultural intertextuality, stipulates that "a literary discourse establishes horizontal (syntagmatic) relationships with the global discourse of literature in its own language and with literary discourse in other languages; and vertical (paradigmatic) relationships with the ensemble of discoursecomposing a culture spatially and temporally determined." (Lucy and Niall, 337) Linguistic and Literary Issue 4: Michael Anthony's "They better don't stop the Carnival," one of the best Caribbean and post-colonial short stories, illustrates the link between intertextuality - both cultural and literary - and literary discourse, and an intertextual reading of the story offers the most essential meaning of the literary text. From a semio

Opening a big day care center Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Opening a big day care center - Research Paper Example We help them get ready for assimilation in big schools. At ABC, we are dedicated to provide a warm and family environment for children. Even if we are moving to larger scale of setting, we are committed to give the quality individualized care that we have been known for. At ABC, we create a family atmosphere where children are allowed to interact with each other. We follow up progress and development of each child and report it to parents regularly as part of our service to parents. ABC Day Care tries to employ best qualified people who are able to keep up with the needs of the day care center and the children under its care. Hiring is based on competence as shown in academic achievements, prior wok experience, and attitudes. We are an equal-opportunity employer. Our activities ensure that work behaviors are done in an equal manner based on individual merit and fitness of the employee regardless of color, race, sex, religion, age, nationality, or sexual orientation, or disability. We are committed to prevent sexual harassment and to confront it when it occurs. We will respond to concerns, questions and allegations of sexual harassment brought by any member of the Center. This policy is in accordance with Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Act 1986. As required by the California State for Licensing, teacher must have at least 18 with 12 postsecondary units in early childhood education and have 6 months experience, or hold a valid CDA and have a 6 months on-the-job training or work experience, or hold a Children’s Center Permit issued by the CA commission for teacher Preparation and Licensing. Once a position is offered to an applicant at the center, he/she must be able to submit several documentations such health screening and safety screening, and a free from criminal investigation record. A certificate of good physical health , a TB TEST and drug test are needed. A new employee will be

Humans Impact On Biomes Environmental Sciences Essay

Humans Impact On Biomes Environmental Sciences Essay Human beings have continuously continued with interference of different biomes and thus bringing various modifications to these biomes. If efforts are not enhanced in conserving the natural world, we shall continue experiencing deteriorating weather factors like the global warming. Failure to conserve our biosphere will ultimately hurt the human race. This annotated bibliography gives insight on the resources that provide useful information on impact of human beings on different biomes The authors provide a discussion on the loss and degradation of natural habitats that has continued unabated. It recommends on the assessment of the progress that has been achieved for the last ten years since the World Summit on Environment was last held. Various systems are discussed which are important with economic benefits as per the available data on habitat conservation. The reader will have insight on events discussed during the World summit and issues that were recommended. The events are discussed in a systematic manner providing the reader with easier reading. This article is recommendable to any researcher or student in this field. Carpenter, Stephen. Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Volume 2. Washington D.C., DC: Island Press, 2005 In this book, the author implores various scenarios which provide an important tool for the analysis of complex systems. In addition, they give a good understanding of different outcomes which have a chance of occurring. There is a growing demand for ecosystem services and thus this book provides four approaches which are highly sought. The first is Global Orchestration approach which focuses on equity, the growth of the economy and the issue preventing ecosystem problems. The second is the order from strength which lays an emphasis on security and economic growth. The third is mosaic which focuses on management of ecosystems. Finally, is the technogarden which is concerned with green technology as a form of managing ecosystems? This book is important in giving insights to the learner on different biomes and various management approaches Chapin, Francis. Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship: Resilience-based Natural Resource Management in a Changing World. Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2009. The author implores the implementation of a steady-state theory and policies. This tends to invest in controlling a few selected ecosystem processes, at the expense of long-term social-ecological resilience. Loss of resilience makes systems more vulnerable to both expected and unforeseen changes. Achieving desirable outcomes for humanity, such as those of the UN Millennium Development Goals on poverty, food security, and environmental sustainability, will require new integrated and adaptive approaches to social and economic development. This is where the complex interconnectedness between humans and nature, at all scales, is considered and the existence of uncertainty and surprise accepted as the rule. The author provides a new framework for resource management that is based on the necessity of managing resources in a world dominated by uncertainty and change. This book is essential to readers as it links recent advances in the theory of resilience, sustainability, and vulnerability with practical issues of resource management. Chapin, Stuart, et al. Consequences of Changing Biodiversity. Nature 405.2 (2000): 234-242. The authors outline various activities which causes alterations of the global environment. This has caused major extinctions to be exhibited in the history of man. As a result, there has been a marked change in the distribution and occurrence on various organisms. Ecological habitats have changed as organisms try to adapt to the changing ecosystems. The processes that take place in the ecosystem are altered and the resilience to the environmental changes is affected. As a result, various consequences are faced which are often not good. The huge ecological and societal consequences of altered biodiversity ought to be reduced. This will help in preserving available options for future answers to global environmental problems. The authors use simple language which can be easily understood by readers. It is relevant in providing answers to various global environmental problems. Cowling, Ricky, Richardson, David and Pierce, S. Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004 The authors provide comprehensive details about different vegetation types that occupy various parts of southern Africa. Despite the region having a cohesive ecological unit, it has different ecosystems which brings a notable diversity. The author presents this book in three parts which are; part one covers historical perspectives providing an understanding to the different ecosystems, part two provides the reader with the different characteristics and the determining factors for the vegetations, part three gives an insight into particular ecological themes like fire, grazing among others. This book provides its reader with profound knowledge on vegetation and effects of various factors. Dickinson, Gordon, Murphy, Kevin J., and Murphy, Kevin. Ecosystems. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007 The authors give a thought provoking introduction about the ecosystems nature. In addition, various ecosystem types are discussed and their interactions with the actions of human beings are given. In this second edition, an update of recent research on this field of ecology is provided giving major discoveries and their addition to this wide field. The authors are able to incorporate a strong theme about the application of functional ecology in providing an understanding of the working nature of ecosystems. Moreover, this book provides the reader with more insight on how to apply the concepts of the ecosystems in the subject of science and applied science. The book contains various chapters like global environmental change and impacts on the ecosystem which serves in the understanding of the biomes in the earths atmosphere. The language used in this book is simple for the reader and the information given is relevant in the study of impacts of human beings on the biomes. Ellis, Erle and Ramankutty, Navin. Putting People in a Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the World Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6. 2 (2008): 439-447. The authors discuss how humans have essentially altered global patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The existing systems for representing these global patterns, including biome classifications, either ignore humans altogether or simplify human influence into, at most, four categories. The authors present the first characterization of terrestrial biomes based on global patterns of sustained, direct human interaction with ecosystems. The authors identify, eighteen anthropogenic biomes through empirical analysis of global population, land use, and land cover. More than 75% of Earths ice-free land showed evidence of alteration as a result of human residence and land use, with less than a quarter remaining as wild lands. This supports just 11% of terrestrial net primary production. Anthropogenic biomes offer a new way forward by acknowledging human influence on global ecosystems and moving us toward models and investigations of the terrestrial biosphere that integrate human a nd ecological systems. The authors present a comprehensive analysis presenting the reader with easier understanding. Goudie, Andrew. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment: Past, Present and Future. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. The author provides a wide coverage of environmental issues that are being exhibited in the current modern world. The book is a good resource to ecology students as it begins by covering past events on human impacts on earth, presents the current issues and finally gives a projection of the future. It tackles impacts man has on the vegetation, water, landforms, and animals among others. In addition, it provides current statistics about human impacts on the environment. The text is presented in a new design which makes it more presentable and easy to be used by the readers. This book is relevant to the topic of the study by giving important information on the past, present and future impacts of humans on the biome. Nilsson, Christer, Reidy, Catherine, Dynesius, Mats and Revenga, Carmen. Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the Worlds Large River Systems. Science 308. 5720 (2005): 405-408. The authors provide a global overview of dam-based impacts on large river systems which show that over half (172 out of 292) are affected by dams, including the eight most biogeographically diverse. Dam-impacted catchments experience higher irrigation pressure and about 25 times more economic activity per unit of water than do unaffected catchments. In view of projected changes in climate and water resource use, these findings can be used to identify ecological risks associated with further impacts on large river systems. This article is recommended to students learning about different biomes and the impacts of man on them. The discussion is presented in an easily understandable language which students will find useful in their research and readings. Woodruff, David. Declines of Biomes and Biotas and the Future of Evolution PNAS 98. 10 (2007): 5471-5476. The article outlines details of a panel discussing the topic of study. To respond to the declines of biomes and homogenization of biotas, the panelists predicted changes in species geographic ranges, genetic risks of extinction, genetic assimilation, and natural selection and mutation rates. In addition, the shortening of food chains, the increase in nutrient-enriched niches permitting the ascendancy of microbes, and the differential survival of ecological generalists are also discussed. Action taken over the next few decades will determine how impoverished the biosphere will be in 1,000 years when many species will suffer reduced evolvability and require interventionist genetic and ecological management. Whether the biota will continue to provide the dependable ecological services humans take for granted is less clear. The discussants offered recommendations, including two of paramount importance (concerning human populations and education), seven identifying specific scientific act ivities to better equip us for stewardship of the processes of evolution, and one suggesting that such stewardship is now our responsibility. The article is relevant in providing the reader with insights in to the topic on human impacts on biomes.

Betting Shop computer investigation Essay

The task given to me for the following essay was: – Assume you have been called in to investigate suspected incidences of computer crime enacted through the computer system at a local betting office. Describe how you would conduct the search and seizure operation. Also explain why you would conduct the operation in the manner you describe. Keywords: – Electronic, Evidence, Investigation, Computers, Seizure, Forensic, Computing Introduction I was recently given the task of Head of Forensic Computing Investigation into Operation Gamble. Operation Gamble had been in place for over 12 weeks, in this time it had become obvious that there was every possibility that some kind of computer crimes were being committed on a everyday basis. This job entails making sure that nothing is overlooked, that everything is done in a methodical manner, everything needs logging in one way or another. There are many things to think about , and many that need acting upon, decisions often need to be made on site at the time of the search. Hopefully this essay will inform the reader of a little knowledge into the world of forensic computing investigation. Also that it will become clear that the successful prosecution of offenders means that the investigation must be done thoroughly from start to finish. ACPO state there are 4 principles that should be adhered to at all times, so when reading this must be took into consideration. The four principles are as follows:- Principle 1: No action taken by law enforcement agencies or their agents should change data held on a computer or storage media which may subsequently be relied upon in court. Principle 2: In exceptional circumstances, where a person finds it necessary to access original data held on a computer or on storage media, that person must be competent to do so and be able to give evidence explaining the relevance and the implications of their actions. Principle 3: An audit trail or other record of all processes applied to computer based electronic evidence should be created and preserved. An independent third party should be able to examine those processes and achieve the same result. Principle 4: The person in charge of the investigation (the case officer) has overall responsibility for ensuring that the law and these principles are adhered to. Ruth Sutton’s investigation into a local betting shop. Firstly I was called into the office and was allocated a new case, which involved investigating a betting shop that may have been involved in some kind of fraud or computer misuse. I wasn’t given any information in detail. Without having much detailed information I have to prepare the investigation as though I am looking for every kind of electronic crime there is. With an open mind it makes the investigation much more through and lengthy, maybe turning up more clues to what has been occurring in this particular establishment. Also as I have been put in charge of this investigation I make sure that all staff that had been drafted in to help with this investigation had the expertise to do so, they all needed to be aware how volatile forensic data is, how easily evidence can be lost, changed, or altered and therefore inadmissible in court. If I were to be given this case and was previously made aware that it was child pornography that I was looking for this would set my mind thinking, and turning into the direction of looking for not only images but perhaps photography equipment, chat logs, email, internet usage logs. On the other hand it is a much different case for fraud. Accounting would be looked into address books, credit card data, calendars, credit card skimmers, the list just goes on and on. Having no idea could turn up more things as child porn can often be attached to a ring, perhaps in that ring credit card fraud is being used to purchase entry to child porn sights, so with my open mind and that of my colleagues I start my investigation. Within the ACPO (Association Of Chief Police Officers) guidelines there are 4 stages that are involved in gaining forensic evidence. They are: – 1. Acquiring the evidence 2. Identifying the evidence 3. Evaluating any evidence found 4. Presenting the evidence. For the purposes of my investigation in fact all forensic computing investigations, the first 3 rules are paramount as they all rely upon each other being performed correctly. Although it must be said if any of the rules are not followed correctly this wouldn’t even get as far as the presenting Evidence rule, as there could be no successful prosecution. Preparation Knowing this is a retail betting shop, the first decision to be made is the time that we will serve our warrant to search the premises. After not much deliberation it is decided to carry out the search before opening time, I was aware that the manager opened up every morning at 8am so meeting him as he opened up would be the best policy. The reason for this decision is that with less staff and no customers there would be less chance of anyone being able to tamper with any networks, data, or any other relevant evidence. In the past it has been known for one member of staff to distract an investigator, while another removes vital evidence. As time went on 3 other members of staff arrived for work, they were all taken aside and asked details of what there job involved, where there individual workstation was and any usernames, passwords or encryption keys that may be relevant to the case. On Entry On entry it was most important to visually identify anything that could be possible evidence. The following items were identified and noted down: – 1. Computer 2. Laptop 3. Usb stick 4. Digital camera 5. Printer 6. Scanner 7. Mobile Phones 8. Cd’s & Dvd’s 9. PDA All these items could be relevant in gaining evidence as they all may contain relevant data. My reasons for each item were as follows: – 1. Computer – This is obvious that looking for forensic data the desktop computer could hold lots of evidence. 2. Laptop – Same reasons as above. 3. Usb Stick – This could also contain data. 4. Digital Camera – may contain images or even files of any data 5. Printer – Printers have their own memory now so this could contain much needed evidence. 6. Scanner – May have been used to scan fraudulent documents (if there is any damage or imperfections to the glass this could show that a particular document was created with its use. 7. Mobile Phones – Mobile phones have own operating system, could contain not only contacts but also images, files, and time logs etc, lots of relevant data. 8. Cd’s & Dvd’s – Another item that could contain lots of data. 9. PDA – This like a mobile phone has its own operating system and could be used to store relevant data, contacts, time logs etc. Before any searches in drawers or anything was moved the whole area was photographed, picturing where all the above items were exactly in relation to the shop. This is done to document the evidence in a visual manner, that can be looked at after things have been moved to unsurface perhaps more clues, for example If a computer mouse was sitting on the left hand side of the desk, perhaps the manager is right handed so it could lead to a clue that perhaps a left handed member of staff uses that desk, which the computer is sitting on. Photographs were taken of the computer screen as it was on and had the user names on it, this was also documented by text. The computer felt quite warm so this could give clues as to whether it had been left on overnight or perhaps used before we had gained entry to the premises. Photographs were also taken of all the cables at the back of the computer, so as reconstructing at a later stage would be easier, also the cables were labelled. The desktop computer was then switched off by removing the power from the computer not the wall socket. The laptop was the next item to be dealt with, it was switched off so removal of the battery was next. Next a search took place which would involve looking in drawers, cupboards etc. The items I was looking for were: – 1. Any paper work that may give some clues to any passwords that may have been used 2. Memory Cards 3. Credit card Skimmers 4. Address books 5. Appointment cards/books 6. GPS SAT NAV equipment 7. CCTV footage Most of these items were found lurking in and around the vicinity of the desk where the desktop computer was located, other than the CCTV footage that was located in the DVD recorder next to the kitchen door. The DVD recorder contained a DVD- rw (DVD re- writable), which was left in place until also photographed and noted while in situ. The rest of the items were subsequently photographed and logged before anything else was done. The reasons for seizing these items were as follows: – 1. Paperwork – passwords, contacts etc. 2. Memory Cards – Data, Images 3. Credit card skimmers – Evidence in itself or even more so if there is data contained on the magnetic strip. 4. Address books – Contacts 5. Appointment cards/books – verify evidence of suspects whereabouts 6. GPS SAT NAV – Travel logs, previous places visited 7. CCTV – Evidence to say who has been in the premises, and when as the camera will have its own time logs. The manger was then asked a few questions about any passwords or encryption keys he may have been aware of, this was done to try and gain any extra information regarding passwords, encryption etc, as this could all save time when it comes to imaging and gaining access to files. All the questions and answers were noted down in a methodical manner. Seizing the evidence The decision was made by myself to take the equipment, rather than live image at the suspected crime scene, as there was no network, wireless or otherwise, I felt this was the best decision to make as the imaging could be done under labatory conditions. Also as there was quite an amount of electronic data that would need to be imaged, this would take far too long and would not be efficient to do so. Although it is seen best for the raw electronic data to be accessed least as possible due to its volatile nature, this would only have to be done the once in the lab, once imaged they actual items (pc, laptop) would not need to be handled again as the image would be an exact copy. Fingerprinting would need to be done, but this could not occur until all equipment had been imaged, as the chemicals used can be destructive The laptop was known to have Bluetooth capability, and wifi so this had to be put into a shielded box, so as that it could not receive any signals from anywhere else. The mobile phone and PDA were treated in the same manner. The boxes were tagged and everything noted so as to start the chain of evidence for these items. All that had to be done now was to actually bag up all the evidence. This has to be done and sealed in anti static bags, and all written down in a methodical manner. This was done item by item individually as each item was tagged and bagged it had to be logged in a chain of evidence. This took quite a long time but this job cannot be rushed, as anything missed could be fatal to a prosecution. Next was the issue of transportation, this would need to be done strategically so as not to damage any possible data evidence. These would have to be kept away from any magnetic fields, e. g. speakers, radios etc, so they were removed with a van that had storage boxes within so as the seized equipment would not get too warm, cold, or anything else happen to them. Evaluating the Evidence This is where the real investigation continues, and where more light may be shed on the situation concerning electronic data found. Encase was used to image the hard drive of the desktop computer and laptop, and various other software was used for the acquisition of the other electronic items. Once imaged work would begin on searching labouredly through the data. To finish this investigation could take quite a few man-hours, as there is so much data to work through. Now is when this case is turned over to the other specialists that I work alongside. Conclusion Alas my work has ended now in this case as I have finished my job of searching the crime scene and seizing the evidence, after a full week of preparation before the actual search, I am quite pleased with the result. I am no clearer about any crimes that were or may have been committed, but hopefully due to myself carrying out the investigation thoroughly I have led the way for a successful prosecution to go ahead. References :- National hi-tech crime unit (2008) The ACPO Good Practice Guide for Computer-Based Electronic Evidence www. acpo. police. uk/asp/policies/Data/gpg_computer_based_evidence_v3. pdf [accessed 05/05/2008]. Computer Crime: ACPO Guidelines (2008) http://www. dataclinic. co. uk/computer-ACPO. htm [accessed 07/05/08].

College Education Essay

In his essay entitled â€Å"How to Get a College Education†, Jeffrey Hart described the negative effect of Allan Bloom’s book The Closing of the American Mind on his Dartmouth freshman composition course students. These students, Ivy-leaguers and top test scorers, disliked the book’s criticism of their mentality but at the behest of Hart’s impromptu oral quizzing, could not adequately discuss historical figures and events. Although Hart’s freshman class realized the gaps in their education, Hart asks what a real college education is, deplores the advent of specialization, and discusses what does or does not constitute real education. Hart’s concern with education lies with the end result: to produce a citizen. But while Hart gives excellent examples for what subjects he thinks constitute a real education in light of telos, a goal, he implies, rather than specifies, that such an education must cater to proactive, independent thought over ideologically based curriculum and courses. It is through well-rounded, balanced independent thought, Hart argues, that a citizen who can â€Å"recreate his civilization† be made. In the first example, Hart names a curriculum engaged in â€Å"so-called post modernist thought† as something to avoid. It is one of the three â€Å"intellectual fads†, in which the use of the word â€Å"fad† describes a fashionable conduct as enthusiastically followed by a group. This way, Hart indirectly refers to post modernist thought as ideological and lacking in independent thought. The second â€Å"fad† refers to Affirmative Action, which Hart describes as an â€Å"ethos† or â€Å"mentality†. â€Å"Ethos† describes the disposition of a culture or a group, and â€Å"mentality† refers to the set of a person or a group’s mind; and both words conjure a certain blindness that Affirmative Action is supposed to fight. Again, Hart reflects on the dearth of nuance and consideration in such courses. Thirdly, Hart directly mentions ideology when he writes about Marxism, victimology, and identity politics, in which â€Å"scholarly pursuit† is put aside in deference to â€Å"’Studies’ programs†. Hart calls many of these courses â€Å"nonsense† and â€Å"distraction†, but fails to directly write that the single underlying theme of such courses is that because they operate under an ideology, they do not foster free thinking and independent rationality. Hart underlines his position for independent rationality by going on to discuss courses and curricula that he thinks support the end goal of citizenship. Rationality is implied when Hart takes on the subject of requiring a student to know and understanding themes in civilization, a task that maneuvers beyond mere adherence to ideological standards. The student must know his civilization: â€Å".. its important areas of thought, its philosophical and religious controversies, the outline of its history and its major works. The citizen need not know quantum physics, but he should know that it is there and what it means. Once the citizen knows the shape, the narrative, of his civilization, he is able to locate new things — and other civilizations — in relation to it. † By referring to controversies, major works, and narrative, Hart’s stance on education is of well-roundedness, independent thought, and being comfortable on differing sides of issues—a stance not suitable to the ideologically minded. Hart makes connections to Athens and Jerusalem in order to outline how a student may develop her college education. Both Athens and Jerusalem were and are centers of independent thought. Athens refers to the ancient Greek capital in which rational thought, philosophy, and democracy were birthed; it was the birthplace of philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: Of things useful and necessary only those that are free should be taught, and the young should partake in nothing of a vulgar, mechanical sort or that will render body, soul, or thought unfit for virtue. (Philips 154). Jerusalem, since the reign of Solomon, has been the spiritual capital of three major religions in the world today. Independent thought emerges out of Jerusalem in the guise of Abraham who sought argument with God, and Jesus, who argued and fought with the spiritual leaders– priests and scribes, or Pharisees and Sadducees—of his day (Columbia). A student, dynamically engaged with both scientifically rational and enlighteningly spiritual sides, can succeed in mastering themes of his or her civilization with independence of thought rather than subsisting on an ideological track. Such a student would be able to carve for him or herself a true education with a goal of not being simply educated, but a goal of becoming an involved, active citizen of society, and of a civilization. Hart discusses China as a final example to his essay. Hart reminds us that one could consider China, who has lacked the dynamic interaction between science and spirituality, and who is world renowned for its collectivist culture, one in which independent thought is frowned upon. Again, Hart does not directly mention this, but references it with mentioning China with its â€Å"symbols†: Great Wall and Forbidden City. REFERENCES Jerusalem. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2007. Philips, Peter L. The Politics of Aristotle. University of North Carolina Press, 1997

Human Resource Management of Sonoko Company

Human Resource Management of Sonoko Company Sonoko’s Strategic Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Sonoko is a well established firm that has been operational for a considerable period. The success of the company in terms of profits in early years has seen it develop a strong corporate tradition and culture. The success of the HR function and management in the past years when the company was performing well can still be emulated and practiced in the future to replicate the positive performance.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Human Resource Management of Sonoko Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the decentralization of the firm’s HR function, Sonoko has a substantial number of HR experts within its ranks who help in managing and running the firm’s numerous HR divisions. These experts can collectively be of importance to the firm, particularly when seeking to harmonize and consolidate the firm’s HR function. Support of SHRM initiative SHRM insists on the pursuance of a corporate culture that aligns with the organizational objectives. Thus, SHRM will help in instilling a culture that sustains the productive past amongst Sonoco workers. Equally, it will establish new and emerging trends that can be incorporated into the corporate culture, and which help in implementing the firm’s objective. SHRM will enable the firm to effectively plan and handle its internal HR needs. Different divisions may require different HR attention, but which is harmonized from a corporate point of view. This will help in eliminating instances where workers in one department feel neglected because of the way their colleagues in a different department are treated. Weaknesses The decentralized HR function at the company was a big weakness for Sonoko. Although decentralization is a positive move that can benefit the company if it is well managed, the whole idea was misconstrued at Sonoko. The divisions established their own HR functions and treated each other in a suspicious manner. The HR functions were competing against each other, instead of cooperating towards the attainment of a common goal. HR was looked at as a back-room operation that only helped in protecting the front line operations. The HR operations are also too complex, inefficient, and costly. The presence of divisional HR functions has made the operations of the entire HR function to be compounded. In essence, the HR function is largely ineffective. The ineffectiveness, on the other hand, has contributed to high expenses for the company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, there is lack of leadership continuity as promoted staff members fail to deliver on their management roles. This means that the company has to hire from outside to acquire new leaders, which is a comparatively expensive exercise a ltogether. How SHRM can address the issues SHRM will change the perspective of the HRM function at Sonoko. It will aim at unifying the objective of all the divisional HR functions into a common corporate objective. Thus, even if the divisions will still maintain their separate HR functions, their purpose will be unified. The SHRM will eliminate the unhealthy intra-organizational competition and instead establish a unifying factor. The individual HR roles will also remain functional and well coordinated towards the advantage of the organization. Such functional roles as training, performance management, compensation, and benefit, among others can never be practical if communication is non-existent. SHRM will not only revive these functional roles, but will also increase employee satisfaction levels overly. Cindy Hartley’s key goals for SHRM Cindy Hartley’s main objective for achieving a strategic human resource management was to create an organization that would have a process that was fully integrated. Hartley had inherited a company whose human resource function was decentralized and, therefore, less effective in achieving positive results. The decentralization was no longer having any strategic advantage to the company, but rather was only being tactical at most. The decentralization resulted in the major company divisions establishing their own independent HR functions which, instead of cooperating with the other HR functions in the separate divisions, ended up viewing them as competitors and, thus, failing to pull together towards the same direction. Thus, to reverse the situation at Sonoco as it was, and achieve her intended SHRM goal, Hartley had to work towards integrating performance management, development, as well as succession planning. These functions feed off one another, and therefore they are mutually inclusive. The goal was to link them back with the organizational values, culture, as well as business objectives. This was the only sure way Hartley could have begun off her long journey of achieving an SHRM for Sonoco.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Human Resource Management of Sonoko Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The SHRM also aimed at making the organization more hybridized such that all the divisions would participate in implementing all the roles of a HR department. Such roles include, â€Å"staffing, succession planning, compensation, personnel programs, and benefits, among many others†. Hartley was inheriting a system where some critical HR roles were actually being viewed as mere entitlements. They were not being considered as important costs worth being controlled by the company. Nobody was considering the importance of HR in driving behavioral results at the company. Because of the complex staff structures, it was very difficult for the HR function as a whole to act in a strategic manner for the benefit of Sono co. The lack of communication in the whole set up was having serious repercussions on the overall efficiency of the HR function. For instance, the benefits and compensation planning director would come up with new approaches or programs, which would then be handed off to the administrative team. By targeting a more hybrid organization, Hartley was seeking to establish some form of a divisional HR management, which would remain intact and offer assistance to the general managers whenever they would require assistance. This implies that the new managers in the HR department would be in a position to create the bond that is needed between businesses and the functions of the corporate human resource responsibilities. What Hartley should seek to achieve in plotting a strategic direction for the future Hartley’s plotting of a strategic direction for the future should see her transform both the compensation system, as well as the performance management system. There is no need for t hese systems to be less mechanical and random. Rather, what is important is that these systems become linked, consistent, and reflect more accurately on the contribution of employees towards the company’s performance.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Equally important for Hartley to consider is the establishment of a development process for the employees. This is an important achievement towards plotting a strategic direction because it will help with refining further the employees skills, as well as help in the development of necessary skills that could be lacking. Another important achievement that would help the plotting of a strategic direction is establishing a succession-planning process. The leaders that Sonoco will require to steer it forwards in the future ought to come from within the company itself. This talent pool of an organization is important because it addresses the aspect of sustainability. One notable trend was the casual manner in which succession planning had been handled at the firm. It was negatively affecting the organization in the long-run because employees who had scaled their career ladders at the company were failing to deliver on their managerial roles. An Outline of the Strategic Agenda Appropriate for Hertley The first action for Hartley should be to work with what she has inherited at the firm. All the key players in the company’s overall HR function should contribute in providing input, coordination, as well as guidance concerning HR. The focus should be placed on aligning HR objectives and desired results with the desired culture of the organization. Building a good will with other managers at the company is also an important aspect worth being considered for the agenda. The implementation and the overall change-over from the current practice will require the HR managers and supervisors’ contributions at their respective corporate levels. Having a team that speaks with one voice will help in achieving this objective efficiently. Hartley should continuously seek their views and contributions to make them part of the team. Any opposition from within should not be treated as rebellion, but rather critically considered for the good of the company. It is equally important that Hartley plans on how to inform the employees on the new changes to be expected. However, this should be done at a later stage, once all the difficulties have been ironed out. The supervisors will be better placed to conduct training to their respective teams and collect feedback from them.

Free Video Editing Programs for Journalists

Free Video Editing Programs for Journalists With more and more news outlets incorporating video onto their websites, learning how to shoot and edit digital video news reports is a must. But while a digital video can now be shot with something as simple and inexpensive as a cellphone, professional video editings software programs like Adobe Premiere Pro or Apples Final Cut can still be daunting for beginners, both in cost and complexity. The good news is that there are plenty of free alternatives. Some, like Windows Movie Maker, are probably already on your computer. Others can be downloaded from the web. And many of these free video editing programs are pretty easy to use. So if you want to add digital video news reports to your blog or website, here are some options that will allow you to do basic video editing quickly and cheaply. (The caveat here is that if you eventually want to produce professional-looking news videos, youre probably going to want to master Premiere Pro or Final Cut at some point. Those are the programs used by professional videographers at news websites, and are well worth learning.) Windows Movie Maker Windows Movie Maker is free, easy-to-use software that will let you do basic video editing, including the ability to add titles, music, and transitions. But beware: Many users say the program crashes frequently, so when youre editing a video save your work frequently. Otherwise, you may lose everything youve done and have to start again. YouTube Video Editor YouTube is the worlds most popular video upload site, so it makes sense that it offers a basic video editing program. But the emphasis here is on BASIC. You can trim your clips and add simple transitions and music, but thats about it. And you can only edit videos that youve already uploaded to YouTube. IMovie iMovie is Apples equivalent of Windows Movie Maker. It comes installed free on Macs. Users say its a good basic editing program, but if you dont have a Mac, youre out of luck. Wax Wax is free video editing software thats a bit more sophisticated than the other programs mentioned here. Its strength is in the array of special effects options offered. But its greater sophistication means a steeper learning curve. Some users say it can be tricky to learn. Lightworks This is a feature-rich editing program that comes in both free and paid versions, but people who have used it say even the free version offers lots of sophisticated features. Of course, as with any of the more versatile editing programs, Lightworks takes time to learn and may be intimidating for neophytes. WeVideo WeVideo is a cloud-based editing program that comes in both free and paid versions. Its both PC and Mac-compatible and offers users the ability to work on their videos anywhere or to share and collaborate on video editing projects.

What effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of Essay

What effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of business - Essay Example This essay discusses that as businesses expand into the international markets, it is imperative to better understand why a business, successful in one country, fails in its foreign markets. One major reason is that firms fail to understand and account for national cultural differences. This led to the 1990 mandate by the Marketing Science Institute to examine national cultural effects on market orientation for the firm. From this mandate came numerous theoretical and empirical works. The works studied two main areas, the affects of national culture on business performance and the affects of national culture on marketing efforts. Academic works on national cultural effects on marketing efforts lead to a split in the theory. It is argued for the globalization strategy that predicted consumer tastes would converge and marketing efforts should be directed toward standardization of products and marketing strategies. On the other side, Quelch and Hoff, Douglas and Wind, and de Mooij & Hofs tede contend that standardized global markets are a myth and that each nation requires firms to adapt and customize their products and marketing strategies. Both theories have strong arguments and empirical evidence to support their claims. Proceeding from the premise that retail marketing strategies are a key component to revenue generation for the retailer, this study, especially when it comes to retailing, subscribes to the theory that national culture should have an affect on the marketing strategy of the firm. These strategies can mean the success or failure of the company. To market effectively to the consumer, the marketer must understand what motivates the consumer to purchase at their store and not their competitors. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Numerous authors have studied various market theories and models with respect to national cultural effects. Their works looked at the specifics of marketing tasks to culture (micromarketing view) and the marketing concept to culture (macro marketing view). However, there are no significant works on the view between the micromarketing and the macromarketing in which the realm of marketing strategy falls. One reason for this is that it is typically a more difficult area to study. Each type of business dictates a different marketing strategy. It is easier to study very specific items, such as culture to product development (Hill & Still 1984; Imai & Takeuchi 1985; Nakata 1996), or culture to product choice. (Fawcett 1999; Luna & Gupta 2001) Or study very broad topics, such as national culture to market orientation. (Deshpande, Farley & Webster, 1993) However, the study of marketing strategy is between the micro and macro marketing views making it difficult to develop theories that are testable. Overall marketing strategy is too broad to practically study, yet not homogeneous enough to relate to as a whole. Therefore, to study this area requires the creation of artificial boundaries. Since it is such a difficult area to study authors have not published any significant research that may lead to a better understanding of why businesses have failed in their international efforts. Moreover, there is still debate among the academic community concerning the relevance of national culture in regards to customization versus standardization of products and marketing efforts. (Levitt, 1983; Ohrnae, 1989; Yip 1989; Deadrick, 1997; Olsen 2001) 1.3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine what effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of business. Since marketing strategy is different for each type of business the only way to successfully study marketing strategy to national culture is to limit the study to one specific type of business. In this paper, the author looks to relate the marketing str